Native Americans Essay Example for Free

Local Americans Essay Local Americans were the main individuals living in the United States until Europeans showed up, looked to colonize and dominate. During this time, Native Americans were oppressed to fighting, new government and losing their properties. Compelled to submit to White pioneers, numerous Native Americans have needed to pick between acclimatizing into a White culture or safeguarding their legacy and heritage. This exposition will talk about open strategy in regards to Native Americans and give a few models relating to ethnocentrism and social relativity. Open Policy and Ethnocentrism From right off the bat, Native American culture has been on an impact with White society. During the provincial time frame, the legislature would not like to have any issues with pioneers and Native Americans. Schaefer specifies that Whites were to outweigh everything else paying little mind to the necessities or obstruction by clans (150). The secretary of war was placed accountable for the Native Americans as to any Federal correspondences. Later in 1824 the Bureau of Indian Affairs was made as a mediator between the Native Americans and the administration (Schaefer 150). As White pilgrims began to move west, they had felt that Native Americans were hindering their advancement. This prompted the Indian Removal Act that was passed in 1824 which drove a few clans away from their genealogical grounds. Schaefer additionally specifies, â€Å"the national government ordered enactment that influenced them with insignificant consultation† (151). The government’s objective was to debilitate ancestral organizations with the goal that Native Americans would absorb. The administration despite everything attempted to cause Native Americans to turn out to be increasingly similar to White homesteaders. In 1887 the administration passed the Allotment Act which would transform innate individuals into land proprietors. While every family was given 160 sections of land, there were a few specifications. Schaefer makes reference to that â€Å"the demonstration denied Native Americans from selling the land for 25 years† (153). The other issue was with the Native Americans not realizing how to cultivate or use the land. They additionally didn't get help or preparing from theâ government and thus, didn't do well with homesteading. Since the land couldn't be lawfully sold, the Bureau of Indian Affairs wound up renting the land to White landowners (Schaefer 153). During this time, it was accepted that Native Americans should set aside inborn characters and absorb into White culture. As time advanced, the Indian Reorganization Act which was otherwise called the Wheeler-Howard Act was passed in 1934 (Schaefer 153). This demonstration should perceive innate character yet pushed for absorption. Clans would be permitted to make a constitution and choose pioneers inside reservations. The Reorganization Act allowed Native Americans to have more power over activities taken for their sake. Schaefer specifies that this demonstration had attempted to join government organizations with inborn dealings by drenching Native Americans in methods regular to White society (153). Notwithstanding, the demonstration despite everything took into consideration non-Native Americans to control issues with respect to reservations. Schaefer states that, â€Å"The Reorganization Act looked to absorb Native Americans into the predominant society on the prevailing group’s terms† (153). Moving Towards Cultural Relativity Following quite a while of the United States government attempting to constrain Native Americans to Assimilate, they have begun to understand that their endeavors were not encouraging pluralism. Schaefer makes reference to the Termination Act of 1953 â€Å"which was viewed as a disputable government strategy towards Native Americans† (156). This demonstration dropped government administrations, for example, clinical consideration, schools, and street hardware that produced results right away. There was no coordination between clans or government offices which influenced the clans in an awful way. They couldn't play out some fundamental administrations, for example, street fix or fire security without the legislature. While this approach should enable Native Americans to self-administer it was seen as an approach to lessen administrations and set aside cash. With life on an Indian reservation being monetarily discouraged, the administration chose to attempt to bait Native Americans from the reservations. In 1952 the Bureau of Indian Affairs had begun programs toâ relocate Native Americans to urban zones. In 1962 one of the projects was known as the Employment Assistance Program. Schaefer states, â€Å"the object was to move people or families at the government’s cost to urban regions where the openings for work were† (157). This program was not fruitful the same number of Native Americans returned back to their reservations. Schaefer additionally makes reference to that this program had some unintended outcomes where the Native Americans what left's identity was better taught and made a cerebrum channel (157). This additionally made a considerable lot of them comprehend the dilemma that they were confronted with in both the city and government reservations. Through all that they have experienced, Native Americans have figured out how to function all in all through Pan-Indianism intertribal social developments. It has made them join inside a typical character due to political objectives. In 1944 The National Congress of American Indians was shaped in Denver, Colorado and enlisted itself as an entryway in Washington, D.C. (Schaefer 157). Their objective was to raise issues concerning the Native American viewpoint as it worked like the NAACP. This gathering had the option to make the Indian Claims Commission and power the Bureau of Indian Affairs to stop the act of end. In 1968 the American Indian Movement was made to screen police activities and record charges of police fierceness (Schaefer 157). Schaefer states that â€Å"sovereignty which alludes to innate self-rule is upheld by each U.S. president since the 1960’s† (160). This is an extremely perplexing legitimate relationship since there are various lawful situations where the Supreme Court needs to control which clans may administer themselves and where they may be liable to state and government laws. Inborn individuals pay government salary, standardized savings, joblessness and property burdens however don't make good on state annual duty on the off chance that they live and chip away at reservations (Schaefer 160). Sway interfaces the activities of the government with singular American Indians. Schaefer contends that the administration goes about as a guard in figuring out which clans are perceived (161). In 1978 the Department of the Interior built up the â€Å"acknowledgement process† to choose if more clans could meet all requirements for an administration to government relationship. End With all that the Native Americans have experienced throughout the years no doubt a considerable lot of the early arrangements were not viable on the grounds that they didn't deliver the ideal consequences of constrained and quick osmosis. The main thing that the administration had the option to do was drive these individuals off their territories, move them and make a feeling of doubt. I do feel that the Employment Assistance program contributed to having some Native Americans move out of their customary range of familiarity and search out different chances. It caused numerous Native Americans to make aggregate move and structure gatherings to campaign for their privileges. As to power, it appears that Native Americans are attempting to absorb themselves by working with the administration to pick up acknowledgment and receive the financial rewards. Today it appears that Native Americans are gradually acclimatizing into White society in light of their contribution in fights, campaigning, legislative issues and business. While Native Americans probably won't have accomplished total pluralism, they are as yet attempting to adjust to contemporary society. References Schaefer, R. (2012). Local Americans: The First Americans (thirteenth ed), Chapter 6 (pp. 147-171). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.

airframe essays

airframe articles I am keen on airplane, particularly plane motors and structure. I have read for a long time in Japan about avionics support at my secondary school and my school which have aeronautical building divisions. Obviously, I am studying the flight upkeep innovation. Airplane are famously identified with material science. I in this manner picked this book,  gAirframe h. I imagine that an individual who is keen on flying would feel intrigued by this book. I have just learned about some flight elements in Japan. I am in this manner going to expound on lift and a slow down, wing arch, hub of a plane in flight, and my uncertainty in the book. The book gives a case of a plane bound from Hong Kong to Dallas, TPA 545, which slowed down on its approach to Dallas. The situation was that the plane out of nowhere slipped and went up, at that point it slowed down and went down once more. In any case, the pilots of the plane recuperated the airplane⠁fs parity and elevation, and the plane made a crisis arrival at Los Angeles air terminal. I will expound on the motivation behind why planes can fly before I expound on a slow down, on the grounds that it is straightforward a slow down when the material science of flight are comprehended. Planes can fly by utilizing lift. Air as a rule streams are both the upper and lower wing⠁fs surfaces. There are contrasts in velocity and gaseous tension between air streaming over the upper side and air streaming under the lower side of a wing. The air streaming over the upper side is quicker than the contrary sides air, and the pneumatic force on upper side is lower than the contrary gaseous tension. The ability to lift up, which is called lift, hence follows up on the wing, and the wonder is known as Bernoulli⠁fs standard. These are the reasons why planes can fly. A slow down is brought about by shedding of air on a wing. I feel that there is some chance of any plane slowing down from this marvel. As I would like to think, the plane was fall... <! airframe expositions For obscure reasons, the practically faultless N-22 Norton airplane endures serious choppiness during TPA flight 545. Because of three fatalities and fifty-six wounds, a winding of examinations, horrendous misgivings, and terrible dangers plague the Norton Aircraft Plant. From the main page, the apparently dull plot of Airframe catches the perusers eye. With political difficulty in the plant, a cutoff time for the examination, and bits of gossip about rebellion, the novel is loaded up with activity alongside an exact estimation of tension. Crichton, one of my preferred creators, designs his books magnificently timing the sections at the zenith of the activity. By this technique for composing, it was hard to quit perusing, which is the mark of a superb book. It is one of the most fascinating and interesting books I have ever perused. Like most other Michael Crichton books, it is incredibly specialized, yet, additionally keenly composed. This blend of plot and portrayal is the thing that makes all of Crichtons books so incredible. The specialized depiction carries symbolism and authenticity to the novel, while the plots exciting bends in the road help to make tension. The manner in which Crichton composes gives the peruser extremely point by point and striking scenes, as found in this irregular statement: Mechanics in Melbourne noticed that the fuel coupling was twisted on the conservative, and the neighboring supports locking pin was marginally harmed. This was idea to have been brought about by ground staff in Java during the past fuel stop. (pg. 149). Just as the composition, the characters were likewise a main consideration in this novel. In contrast to characters in most different books, these really appeared genuine individuals. Crichton builds up his characters giving them every individual characteristics, feelings, and characters. Additionally not at all like most different characters, they were not thoroughly great, and then again, they were not completely defective. They were human, and that was wha ... <!

Essential Items for Travelling

Essential Items for Travelling Essential Items for Travelling Home›Tips for Students›Essential Items for Travelling Tips for StudentsSummertime is ahead. It is ideal time for travelling to the end of the world. Nowadays travelers carry with them dozens of gadgets. If you open a bag, there you will find dozens of computers, digital cameras, battery chargers, hotspots, not to mention the cables that join all those devices. They are all important, but QualityCustomEssays.com wants to emphasize the importance of some non-tech items that can be more valuable for a traveler. So, here they are:A knife, especially a good one is invaluable on the road. You can either cut food, open wine or clip nails. Choose Swiss Army knives like this.If you are disconnected from PayPal, cash becomes more valuable than the quantity of bills. For such situations a secret wallet would be of great help. There are wallets which are designed to fool, like the Belt Bank.Ear plugs are essential if you have a snoring travel mate beside and y our white noise app left at home. Soft silicon is warmed and molded to your ear filling all the free spaces. This is also the best remedy for cutting down jet noise during a flight or the sound of the ukulele, oh, by the way, the ukulele! It is the next point of our chart of necessary things needed for travelling.Ukulele is the happiest musical instrument. It is always the source of entertainment, especially if you can’t play it!! Moreover, it is easy to carry and cheap enough not to worry about it too much during your trip.Hans Christian Andersen once said: “To travel is to live”. If you are young and hungry for knowledge and willing to become better, you should use every possibility to travel. Life is too short to spend it just on grinding. That is the reason why QualityCustomEssays.com exists. Our highly qualified writers are ready to do even the most difficult tasks on academic writing for you so that you have the possibility to live. So you are welcome!

Macbeth The Effects of Guilt Essay - 940 Words

Macbeth, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare and edited by Maynard Mack and Robert Boynton, displays the many ways in which guilt manifests itself and the effects it has on its victims. Throughout the play, characters including Lady Macbeth are deeply affected by guilt in ways they had never expected. Macbeth takes its audience on a journey through the process in which guilty gradually eats away at Lady Macbeth and forces her to do what she thinks is best. Though Lady Macbeth may have initially seemed unaffected by the murders she had been involved in, her desires eventually faded and were replaced with an invincible feeling of guilt which eventually took her life. An overpowering emotion, guilt once lay†¦show more content†¦Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad† (II.ii.41-42), suggesting that the guilty party should dust off their shoulders and ignore the matter at hand, the crime they had committed, b ecause if they dwelled on their crimes too much, they would begin to feel guilt, the unconquerable emotion. Despite the fact that Lady Macbeth’s words seem to simply mean â€Å"feel no remorse†, there is hidden foreshadowing. Lady Macbeth uses the word â€Å"will† to describe the attack of anger and guilt towards one’s action. The word â€Å"will† seems to mean that Lady Macbeth is not saying guilt may or may not plague her, but instead she is suggesting that it very well will attack her and she will be overwhelmed by this feeling and soon enraged by it. Lady Macbeth may become so enraged that she takes action and goes to reckless measures to cure herself of the indomitable sentiment of guilt. Lady Macbeth, a once strong and persuasive woman, used the elimination of guilt from those who surround her as a way of coping with her own guilt and attempting to stop it before it reached her. From time to time, characters such as Macbeth, who were involved in many of the murders that occurred throughout the play, began to feel repentant over their actions but were quickly persuaded that guilt was not what they were feelingShow MoreRelatedEffects of Guilt in Macbeth776 Words   |  4 PagesZirlott Paul Broussard English IV H October 26, 2011 Effects of Guilt in Macbeth The psychological effects of guilt are vividly depicted in Macbeth and cloud the mindset of characters throughout the play. In much of Macbeth, a sense of guilt Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both possess leads them to take actions that ultimately lead to their downfall. It is this sense of guilt that drives them both mad. Guilt plays a large part in influencing Macbeth and his wife act after they have committed their crimesRead MoreThe Effect of Guilt and Evil in Macbeth764 Words   |  4 Pages‘The play, Macbeth, explores the effects of guilt and evil.’ Discuss. William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, explores many different themes including loyalty, betrayal, ambition but is it the powerful theme of evil and the consequent guilt that have the most devastating effects on the play’s protagonist, Macbeth and his loyal wife. Shakespeare’s language and imagery constantly reinforce the theme of evil. The opening scene introduces the themes of evil and disorder as the three powerful hagsRead MoreShakespeares Novel Macbeth1577 Words   |  7 Pagesworld be like if no one felt guilt? If no one ever caught caught for their crimes? In Shakespeares novel, Macbeth, the main characters commit crimes driven by their ambition. After committing the first crime Macbeth, the main antagonist is overwhelmed with guilt. His wife, Lady Macbeth plotted the first crime and was the main force pushing Macbeth to kill. In the end Macbeth is charged with the truth and Lady Macbeth kills herself both brought down equally from guilt. Guilt and fear of being found outRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe oxford dictionary definition of guilt, 1, the fact of having committed a specified or implied offence or crime, 1.1, a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in obligation. In Macbeth w ritten by William Shakespeare, Macbeth, the titular character and his wife Lady Macbeth kill the King in order to become King and Queen themselves, this came with consequences which are still relevant in society today. The guilt they felt and the relevance to sleeplessness are common topics almost four hundredRead MoreThe Classification Of Water Imagery Present Throughout Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare is renowned for his vividly descriptive, original, and pioneering use of imagery in many of his plays, but their effect on the audience’s understanding of his plays is most obvious in the tragedies, particularly in Macbeth. Images in Shakespeare’s works are used, according to Shakespeare critic G. Wilson Knight, to craft a play’s â€Å"atmosphere† or the permeating tone or mood of a play (3). However, this attitude between images and atmosphere creates an environment where different definitionsRead MoreThe Blood Motif Of M acbeth By William Shakespeare786 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay William Shakespeare dramatic play has many suitable examples of imagery, mainly the imagery of blood. The imagery of blood is very important in this play because it symbolizes guilt. Macbeth got too greedy and wanted more power, which led him to murder innocent people in order for him to keep his throne. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, William Shakespeare utilizes the blood motif to demonstrate the continuous feelings of guilt felt by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and to distinguish the changesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1495 Words   |  6 Pages X. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the characterization of Macbeth to convey the corrosive effects of evil on a person’s psychological state. This presentation of Macbeth suggests that while humanity is inherently good, the drastic effects of evil actions can wreak havoc upon a person’s reasoning skills and cause one to behave in a volatile manner. Macbeth’s internal struggle before committing the act of killing Duncan displays the detrimental effects of the initial thoughts of evilRead MoreEssay on bloodmac Importance of Blood in Shakespeares Macbeth1331 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Blood in Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚   In Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth, the symbol of blood is an important device.   The fundamental physical notion of blood is a stark sign of illness or mishap that all humans must share.   Within Macbeth the imagery of blood is used over and over again and it is developed by Shakespeare until it becomes not only a dominating theme but wholly integrated within the plot.    Perhaps the best way to show how the symbol of blood changes throughoutRead MoreMacbeth Guilt Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a tragedy in which the plot evolves in great accordance to the guilt that the individual characters feel. The guilt starts with the planning and execution of the murder of King Duncan. To this event Lady Macbeth and Macbeth react in different ways. They both become guilty in some way or another but the guilt they feel is comprised of different reasons. It is due to their differences in character that they react in the ways they do. While it might not seem like both

Future Of Crime The United States Of America Essay

Future of Crime Investigation in United States of America Writer’s Name Institution’s Name Future of Crime Investigation in United States of America Crime Investigation is an important aspect of the law enforcement in any country. It is considered as the most vital aspect of legal system as both the law and order as well as justice system is dependent over the quality of crime investigation in the country. Not only that. There are several aspects related directly or indirectly with the phenomenon of crime investigation. An example of that may include the fact that a strong criminal investigation system helps prevail a sense of justice in the country which in turn reduce the rate of crime owing to fear of getting caught. The lower crime rate is directly related with the perception of stability in the country as well as the sense of government control over its jurisdiction. This in turns bring a healthy social and economic atmosphere in the country that leads to increased foreign direct investments. There is no denial of the fact that foreign investment has a direct link with the stability of a country. Mao Zedong once said â€Å"Investigation may be likened to the long months of pregnancy, and solving a problem to the day of birth. To investigate a problem is, indeed, to solve it (Zeodang, 2015).† Indeed the strength of criminal investigation system highly depends on the rate of crimes being solved. Quality of prosecution is highly dependent over the strength ofShow MoreRelatedNational Security Vs. Digital Privacy1735 Words   |  7 PagesIn regards to the increasing crime and terrorism rates in America, the optimal solution thus far is enhancing security throughout the nation. By doing so, policies, procedures, and protocols would be amended for the sole purpose of protecting the country. Such alterations should be made because it prevents crime in a timely, reliable, and successful manner, whilst preserving the fundamental rights of all United States Citizens. In light of the controversy over national security versus digital privacyRead MoreEssay about The Debate Over Gu n Control1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States of America, we as people have certain guaranteed rights, and one of those is the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.† This amendment has been a crucial issue throughout the history of this country and still continues to be of vital importance today. Today there are several conflicts with this amendment the 1st being a law-abidingRead MoreAmerica s The United States Of America1026 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican’s In The United States of America Focus Immigration The forty-fifth President of The United States of America, Donald John Trump, has made one of his top priorities throughout his campaign, and in the presidency to protect The United States’ boarders from illegal immigration. Thus, â€Å"[Making] America Great Again† (Trump, Donald) by allowing United States citizens to have the opportunity to gain new jobs, and not have illegal crime committed by illegal immigrants with out having consequencesRead MoreBastà ¸y. We All Have An Idea Of How The Future May Look.1320 Words   |  6 PagesBastà ¸y We all have an idea of how the future may look. Hovercraft vehicles, space travel as seen in the Star Wars series, and task driven robots living alongside us. All seemingly exciting advancements, nevertheless this â€Å"future† we imagine is still years away. However, what if that was not the case? People do not often realize how much the world changes around them as they are living their daily lives, but others are not that fortunate. Technology, transportation, and communication have all madeRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic that I chose to write on is poverty. Poverty has been a problem in our country for a long time. Approximately 47 million of people that lived in the United States of America in the year of 2014 have been living in poverty. This basically means that the poverty rate for the year 2014 was approximately 15 percentage. Furthermore, the year 2014 poverty rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than in the year of 2007, the year before the 2008 recession. This is the amazingly fourth consecutiveRead MoreCriminal Punishment And The Criminal Justice System1193 Words   |  5 Pagesincarceration in jail or prison. For much of the 20th century, criminal sentencing practices remained largely unchanged in the United States. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a practical revolution in criminal punishment processes. A number of different sentencing reforms have been recently expanded, resulting in a mix of different legal approaches to sentencing in the United States today. I will begin with a brief overview of sentencing philosophies, followed by modern sentencing innovations. ThenRead MoreIt Is Time to Legalize Marijana1700 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate to legalize marijuana in the United States of America has been fought over nonstop since the existence of the drug and its effects. Marijuana has been tested and proven to provide a very positive impact on the American society for many reasons . Some of these reasons are for America’s economy, health and even crime. These reasons could very well help America thrive in the future and that is why Marijuana should be legalized in the United States of America. This naturally found plant knownRead MoreThe Necessary Solutions For Gun Violence1494 Words   |  6 Pages The Necessary Solutions To Gun Violence In today’s time there is no stopping the public from witnessing the day to day violence across America. It floods the daily news, it scrolls past our eyes through our smartphone screens, it blares through our stereos, and it’s published in our newspapers and magazines. As humans, in this day and age prosper where bad news is never hidden from the media. It is recognized all the time, the thoughts of violence crossing one s path never settling just rightRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration has been a major uprising debate in the United States ever since immigrants immigrated from European countries in the late 1400s. It all started when Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492 by accident and took everything away from the Native Americans. Today more than one million people are coming into the United States from many different counties and for many different reasons. The main reason they are coming to the United States is for a better life, they come here chasing, â€Å"TheRead MoreFighting Drug Cartels On The Americas712 Words   |  3 Pages Committee: UNODC Country: Nigeria Topic: Fighting Drug Cartels in the Americas Delegate: Angel Rivera Fighting Drug Cartels in the Americas Background Drug cartels have arisen as a major crisis for the future in the Americas. Individuals indulge themselves on drugs for many reasons such as tradition, attempting to escape poverty, and generating revenue for rebellious activities. Drug trafficking has proven to be ludacris, with the increasing involvement of corrupt government officials in their

The Power of the Follower the Arab Spring and Social Media Free Essays

string(54) " implementation of social movements around the world\." THE POWER OF THE FOLLOWER SAND011A MBL 921-S Leadership Assignment II Group Member Student Number Contribution Addison, B. 7078-516-3 100% Bheamadu, A 3285-589-3 100% Deonarain, N 7288-417-7 100% Deshmukh, A 7136-472-2 100% Jooste, D L 7276-682-4 100% Mahura, S 7300-632-7 100% Mavimbela, R 7294-314-9 100% Mnube, M 3326-099-0 100% Singh, Yashin 3667-383-8 100% Nkosi, N 7308-888-9100% Singh, Yeshvir 7308-490-5 100% Thuntsane, E 7294-747-0 100% Mulder, R7303-318-9100% Mkwanazi, S7288-373-1100% EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This assignment delves into the changing socio-dynamic landscape given the growing rate of mobile and IT connectivity as well as the growing number of users on social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Flickr and the like. The recent political uprisings on the African continent have hinted towards the use of social media tools to bring about socio-political change and either directly or indirectly challenge the leadership status quo. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of the Follower: the Arab Spring and Social Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many have refuted the claims of the impact of social media during the uprisings, such as Malcolm Gladwell who dismisses the relevant importance the media, academics and thought leaders have placed on its ability to influence leader behaviour or bring about any meaningful change (www. newyorker. com, 2010). However, the contrary views outweigh Gladwell’s views and, in our opinion, bare consideration. According to Fleishman (2003) â€Å"leadership is an attempt at influencing the activities of followers to willingly cooperate through the communication process toward the attainment of some goals. The traditional view of leadership is its ability to influence follower behaviour. Thus, this assignment aims to explore the role of neo-social dynamics (social media) to influence leader behaviour, i. e. follower upward management of leaders. The assignment begins with a case study to determine social media’s impact in Africa, contextualized but not limited to the Egyptian upris ings. It then proceeds to propose an alternative mind-map developed in assignment 1 and concludes with the development of an HR value proposition to generalize a leadership model for use by organizations. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The Case Study| 4| | 1. 1 The Purpose of the Study| 4| | 1. 2 Background of the Study| 5| | 1. 3 Significance of the Study| 5| | 1. 4 Research Methodology| 6| | 1. 4. 1 Theoretical Framework| 6| | 1. 4. 2 Data Collection| 7| | 1. 4. 3 Research Hypothesis| 7| | 1. 4. 4 Key Research Questions| 7| | 1. 5 Conclusion| 10| | 1. 6 References| 11| 2. | Integration of the Case study Findings| 12| | 2. 1 Introduction| 12| | 2. 2 Assignment 1: Overview of the Leadership Model| 12| | 2. 3 Leadership Mind Map Recommendation| 14| | 2. 4 Conclusion| 18| 3. | The HR Value Proposition| 19| | 3. 1 Definition| 19| | 3. HR Value Proposition Objectives| 20| | 3. 3 A Systemic HR Mental Model| 20| | 3. 4 Organisation Challenges Proposed| 21| | 3. 5 Business Implications| 22| | 3. 6 T he HR Value Proposition- Application| 22| | 3. 7 Conclusion| 25| | 3. 8 References ( section 2 and 3)| 26| I. THE CASE STUDY 1. 1Purpose of the Study Social media is a popular term to describe a variety of media tools that is suggested to have played an important role in recent political revolutions. In the recent events in North Africa, the role of social media has been best characterized as an enabler, facilitating rallies and galvanizing participants. Despite limited access to the Internet and limited freedom of expression and information, social media penetration is on the increase in Africa. Social networks are spoken of in villages, schools, and fast-growing cities where the middle classes are now demanding access to quick information (Marieme Jamme, 2011). In the mid-1990s, as the use of mobile phones spread in much of the developed world, few thought of Africa as a potential market. Now, with more than 400 million subscribers, its market is larger than North America’s and is growing faster than in any other region. The most common social media tools are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and relatively new social media sites like Diggs and Foursquare. The communication is in the form of status updates and ad hoc statements. While discussion may be limited, the dissemination of information has been seen as the most influential component of the upheavals in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region (uicifd. blogspot. com, 2011). The case study intends to explain the impact of neo-social dynamics on leadership within the context of the recent political uprisings. In doing so we propose three hypotheses: i. Social media creates the leaderless revolution in the digital age. ii. Social Media creates Citizen Journalism – freedom of speech for the oppressed. iii. Social Media accelerates the rate of revolutions. 1. 2 Background of the Study The rate of technological and online communication advances suggest that organizations and governments can no longer suppress the spread of an idea, message, or of news occurring globally. The implication is that if one is able to connect to the Internet and express a view about a situation, then the information will be broadcasted. The recent events in North Africa may signal a way forward for the rest of the continent as technology becomes more easily accessible to more Africans. Calls for socio-political transformation heard on the streets of Tunisia and Cairo were echoed globally, rousing sympathetic support internationally. The revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt are extensively seen as being mobilized, organized, supported and driven through the use of social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter and mobile phone technology which allowed for extensive political expression and rallying against government corruption online and off the ground. . 3Significance of the Study Traditionally, the greatest power that governments have held over their people has been that of information/freedom of speech. The promise that Internet connectivity brings to Africa is that people are now using the abundance of information for oversight of government and more interaction with administrations (J. Gossier, 2008). New communicati on technologies, especially social media via the Internet, have become important resources for the mobilization of collective action and the subsequent creation, organization and implementation of social movements around the world. You read "The Power of the Follower: the Arab Spring and Social Media" in category "Papers" Therefore, the impact of social media on current leadership dynamics requires exploration as the recent public demonstrations of rebellion have been underpinned by suggestions that social media has changed the status quo on how Africans engage and share their views and are no longer being silenced by oppressive leadership with these (social media) tools in hand. 1. 4RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The qualitative case study method is an effective tool for developing an understanding about a particular case, its features, and its impact. According to Stake (1994), â€Å"case study is defined by individual cases, not by the methods of inquiry used. † As such, the goal of case study research is to understand the complexity of a case in the most complete way possible. The richness of data gathered through this method complements the article’s theoretical framework and is required to answer the research questions. This case study will be an exploratory case study which is an attempt to understand what happened within cases by looking beyond descriptive features and studying the surrounding context. (www. capam. com) We categorize the â€Å"Egyptian revolution† in this study as the activities and conditions that led to and defined the anti-government protests that occurred between 25 January and 11 February 2011, ultimately leading to the resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Case researchers examine both common and unique features of a case, with an emphasis on its defining features (Stake, 2005). 2. 4. 1 Theoretical Framework Researchers may study a single case or multiple cases. In multiple case studies, researchers  study cases  in depth individually as well as look across cases for similarities and differences. (RWJF, 2008) Selected Cases a. Social Media in the Arab World (Ghannam, J. , 2011) b. Reasons Social Media contributed to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution (Chebib, N. Sohail, R. 2011) 2. 4. 2 Data Collection The above literature was selected because of its relevance to social media, leadership, information technology and the considerations made regarding the plausible causes of changes in the socio-political landscape. Other secondary sources originating from published online news reports were also analysed. Such secondary data were appropriate for this study because of both the nature of our analysis and the wealth of information available. The qualitative researcher often must use her or his judgment, based on a set of criteria, to decide how much and how long a case should be studied to aid in understanding (Creswell, 1998; Stake, 2005). 2. 4. 3 Research Hypothesis This case study explores the impact of neo-socio (social media) dynamics on leadership in Africa in order to understand contemporary social movements. In pursuit of this goal, the analysis specifically seeks to establish support for the following hypotheses, which will be verified through the case study: I. Social media: creates the leaderless revolution in the digital age. II. Social media: creates Citizen Journalism – freedom of speech for the oppressed. III. Social media accelerates the rate of revolutions. 2. 4. 4 Key Research Questions Three questions have been identified to guide the approach in solving the hypotheses: i. Who led the protests in Egypt? ii. How was information regarding the revolt obtained and circulated? iii. What was the rate of protestor-mobilization and the speed of the outcome? i. Who led the protests in Egypt? To succeed, one of the essential characteristics of the revolution was that there were no leaders. Had there been leaders, it would have been far easier for the existing powers to target them for arrest or worse and thus decapitate the revolution. The absence of leaders made such a response impossible. Instead of a revolutionary leadership – a Che, or a Lenin, or even a Walesa (who was imprisoned many times) – there was no one. The only way to have contained the revolts was bloody crackdown on everyone on the streets – a path that Syria’s Bachir al Asad seems to be following, perhaps imitating the grotesque example of his father, who had the town of Hama flattened after a rebellion there, killing perhaps 20,000. carneross. com) ii. How was information pertaining to the revolt obtained and shared both locally and internationally? The concept of citizen journalism (also known as â€Å"public†, â€Å"participatory†, â€Å"democratic†,†guerrilla†or â€Å"street† journalism) is based upon public citizens playing an act ive role in the process of collecting, reporting, analysing, and disseminating news and information (www. wikipedia. com). New Media technologies such as social networking and media-sharing websites in addition to the increasing prevalence of mobile phones have made citizen journalism more accessible to people worldwide. Due to the availability of technology, citizens can often report breaking news more quickly than traditional media reporters. Notable examples of citizen journalism reporting from major world events are the Arab Spring. Hundreds of Arab activists, writers, and journalists have faced repercussions because of their online activities. (Gannum, 2011) In Egypt, blogger Abdel Kareem Nabil Soliman, known as Kareem Amer, was released in November 2010 after more than four years in prison and alleged torture for his writings that authorities said insulted Islam and defamed Mubarak. Soliman returned to writing his blog shortly after his release. In Syria, 19-year-old Tal al-Mallouhi was said to be the youngest Internet prisoner of conscience in the region and in December 2010 marked her first year in prison, mostly incommunicado, for blogging through poetry about her yearning for freedom of expression. (Gannum, 2011) In Bahrain, a social networking campaign has called for the release of blogger Ali Abdulemam who was imprisoned for allegedly posting â€Å"false news† on his popular site BahrainOnline. org. These are merely three of the scores of Arab Internet users across the region that have faced arrest and incarceration and other repercussions stemming from their online writings. Government challenges and other impediments, notably low broadband high-speed Internet penetration rates as a percentage of population, stand in the way of wider and faster Internet access. According to the Arab Advisors Group, the top three countries in broadband adoption in the region as a percentage of population are the United Arab Emirates at 14 percent, followed by Bahrain at 12 percent, and Qatar at eight percent as of late 2009. (Gannum, 2011) In 2009, the Arab region had 35,000 active blogs and 40,000 by late 2010. Although Egypt’s interior ministry maintains a department of 45 people to monitor Facebook, nearly 5 million Egyptians use the social networking site among 17 million people in the region, including journalists, political leaders, political opposition figures, human rights activists, social activists, entertainers, and royalty who are engaging online in Arabic, English and French. (Gannum, 2011) 111. Rate of protestor mobilization and the speed of the outcome The Egyptian Revolution began on 25 January 2011 and ended on 11February 2011 lasting a total of 18 days, overthrowing the 30 year old rule of Mubarak. The Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia, which ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, lasted 28 days. The Egyptian revolution succeeded in overthrowing the present regime in the shortest time period. (Chebbib and Sohail, 2011) As shown in figure 1 below, the Egyptian revolution is the second shortest revolution in terms of both the number of days it lasted and deaths. FIGURE 1: Days of Revolutions and Deaths that occurred during those Revolutions 1. 3 Conclusion Hypothesis 1: Creates a Leaderless Rebellion The analysis above clearly indicates the lack of emergence of significant leaders in any of the revolutions. Revolutions ignited by passionate people having sufficient common ground and cause can mobilize a revolution which can be steered and sustained(without a leader) towards the achievement of the common goal. Hypothesis 2: Creates Citizen Journalism – freedom of speech for the oppressed There is a symbiotic relationship between social media and citizen journalism on the one hand and traditional media on the other hand, in that they play off each other. Traditional media remains an essential vehicle for reaching a domestic and international audience. n that while social media played a tremendous role, especially in empowering freedom of speech, the impact of citizen journalism was limited and interest in the cause was catapulted only through traditional media coverage. Hypothesis 3: Results in Rapid Mobilization and Swift Results Revolutions can be short and bloody, or slow and peaceful. Each is different. The Egyptian revolution was one of the quickest and swiftest revolutions in history. The facts and figures have indicated that it was also a revolution with one of the lowest death tolls. The deaths and number of days for revolutions historically were far in excess of the Egyptian revolution; were deaths ranged in the 3000’s, the death toll in Egypt was documented at 300. III. REFERENCES 1. Ghannam, J (2011): Social Media in the Arab World 2. Chebib, N. and Sohail, R. (2011): The Reasons Social Media contributed to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution 3. Cogburn, D. and Espinoza-Vasquez F. (2011): From Networked Nominee to Networked Nation. 4. Abroms, L. and Lefebvre, R. (2009): Obama’s Wired Campaign: Lessons for public health communication 5. http://www. carneross. com/blog/2011/04/23/necessity-leaderless-revolutions) 6. Yin, Robert K. , Applications of Case Study Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2003a, 2nd 7. edition. 8. Yin, Robert K. , Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2003b,3rd edition. 9. Yin, Robert K. , â€Å"The Abridged Version of Case Study Research,† in Leonard Bickman and Debra J. 10. Rog (eds. ), Handbook of Applied Social Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1998, pp. 229-259. 11. Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin Y. S. Lincoln (Eds. ), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443–466). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. 12. Glesne, C. (2006) Becoming Qualitative Researchers (3rd ed. . Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 13. Gladwell M. 2010 http://www. newyorker. com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell(date accessed: 08/07/2012) 14. Bohler-Muller N. and van der Merwe, C. 2011 The potential of social media to influence socio-political change on the African Continent. Africa Institute of South Africa 15. Toni Ahlqvist, Asta Back, Sirkka Heinonen, Minna Halonen, (2010),†Road-mapping the societal transformation potential of social media†, foresight, Vol. 12 Iss: 5 pp. 3 16. Andre-Michel Essoungou, 2010 A social media boom begins in Africa, www. un. org/en/africarenewal/vol24no4/socialmediabom. tml (date accessed 17 July 2012) 17. Gossier, J. 2008 Social Media in Africa, Part 3: Democracy 18. carneross. com/blog/2011/04/23/necessity-leaderless-revolution section 2 2. integration of case study findings – Recommendations for Leaders Assessed in Assignment 1 2. 1 Introduction Emerging from an exploration of the likely impacts of social medial in the context of the political uprisings explored in question 1 above is the indirect threat neo-socio dynamics pose to autocratic governance, as was the case with Hosni Mubarak resigning from presidential office, a mere 18 days after the start of the Egyptian protests (bbc. o. uk 2011). This is in stark contrast to the rise of US President Barr ack Obama, whose 2008 election campaign has been heralded as a win for social media, after a landslide victory which sought to â€Å"convert everyday people into engaged and empowered volunteers, donors and advocates through social media† (Edelman, 2009). Comparing these two leaders on the basis of their style of governance suggests polar opposite styles from democratic to autocratic leadership. Autocratic leaders are those who make unilateral decisions and issue instructions. It is often criticized because it negates relationships between followers that allow decisions to be made by leaders and followers (Ehow. com), whereas democracy advocates inclusive and engaging governance. Following on from the mind map developed in assignment 1, we recommend an alternative leadership approach for the business leaders surveyed. 2. 2Assignment 1: Overview of the Leadership Model In the first leadership assignment, three leaders were surveyed and a leadership mind map was developed. The mind map sought to establish which leadership theory these three leaders subscribed to. As per table 1 (below), all three leaders subscribe to the power and influence theory of leadership, path-goal theory, leader-member exchange theory (LMX), ethical leadership, transformational leadership, servant leadership, spiritual leadership and authentic leadership. A fundamental leadership trait amongst these surveyed leaders was found to be building and maintaining ‘trust’. THEORY| MS. MABUNDA| MS. GOVIND| MR. SIBEKO| 1. Power Influence| Legitimate (Positional)Expert (Personal)| Reward (Positional)Referent + Expert (Personal)| Reward (Positional)Expert (Personal)| 2. Path-goal| Supportive| Directive| Directive | 3. LMX| High LMX| High LMX| High LMX| 4. Transformational| Yes| Yes| Yes| 5. Ethical| Yes| Yes| Yes| 6. Servant | Yes| No| No| 7. Spiritual| Yes| Yes| Yes| 8. Authentic| Yes| Yes| No| Table 1 Leader Theory Summation of Surveyed Leaders (SAND011A, 2012) Image 1, below, provides a graphic of the leadership mind map that was developed in assignment one. The leaders used a combination of both positional and personal power. The mind map also showcased adaptations to this power and influence model, with various modes of leadership also complementing their primary leadership model. Image [ 1 ] Assignment 1 Leadership Mind Map (SAND011A, 2012) Trust formed the core of their leadership character, without which these leaders believe that their effectiveness to lead would have been severely impeded. We believe this to be true as followers are more inclined to trust people when they understand their leader’s values and observe that their actions are congruent with those values because they can reliably predict how their leaders will act. As such, leaders of high character instil trust. However, given their reliance on positional and personal power, an alternative leadership model is proposed below. 2. 3 Leadership mind-map Recommendation The demands of neo-socio dynamics on leadership is such that leaders must develop a broad range of personal and professional competencies in order to meet the challenges they will inevitably face. Tomorrow’s leaders must stay abreast of the impact of the social media curve. Primary and secondary stakeholders now have access through social media applications to mobilize and either do great harm to an organisation or support its efforts. This was recently illustrated by the Woolworths vs. Frankies dispute. According to Frankies, Woolworths, had sabotaged its attempts to sell its product and claim ownership, by selling an imitation of its drink. Supporters of Frankies mobilized and retaliated on social media spaces such as Facebook and Twitter. The response by Woolworths was plagued by its inability to understand the social media playing field. Instead of engaging followers, Woolworth’s executives chose to release press statements that appeared to only exacerbate the situation. The Advertising Standards Authority ruled in favour of Frankies, and Woolworths was ordered to remove its ‘copy-cat’ version of the soft drink. (Moneyweb, 2012) In a recent Sunday Times Article (Aug, 2012) Woolworths CEO, Ian Moir notes that the company was surprised at how quickly outrage was spread in the Frankie’s soft drink saga. In response to his own leadership displayed during the communication crisis, he stated that it (the social media outrage) was a problem within an hour which made it difficult to manage(C. Barron, 2012). It is safe to conclude that had Woolworth’s leadership endorsed a different response, strengthened its stakeholder engagement and understood the immediate impact of social networking, they would have adopted an alternative approach to engaging their stakeholders. i. Authentic-Transformational Leadership The case study (in section 1) and the preceding Woolworths example highlights the need for ‘open leadership’. According to Charlene li (2011) â€Å"By embracing social media, leaders can transform their organizations to become more effective, decisive, and ultimately more profitable in this new era of openness in the marketplace. Whilst no model and no list of leadership behaviours or competencies can fully capture all the critical components of stakeholder management; our group has selected the prescriptive, authentic-transformational leadership model, for leaders to align themselves to. Transformational leadership describes a leader who motivates followers to pe rformance beyond expectations, but has often been attacked for its potential to be abused. Bass and Steidlmeier (1999) point out that the ethics of transformational leadership have been challenged. For example, transformational leaders: (1) can use impression management behaviours that pave the way to immoral behaviour (Snyder,1987) and (2) manipulate followers into losing more than they gain (White Wooten, 1986). To mitigate these shortcomings, an additional form of leadership has been proposed to complement transformational leadership i. e. authentic leadership (Nichols, Thomas W. , 2008). Authentic leadership is an over-arching concept that aims to include transformational leadership and all positive forms of leadership (Avolio and Gardner 2005). At the heart of authentic leadership is the concept of ethicality. The concept of authenticity may contribute to the transformational leadership paradigm, producing an ideal form of leadership. Whilst many pseudo-transformational leaders are able to exert control over their followers, their lack of character and ethical behaviour ultimately bring harm to their followers. By acting on a core set of benevolent values, authentic transformational leaders, bring out the best in their followers and spur them on to do great things for society. ii. Behaviour of Authentic-Transformational Leaders Ethics are a basic component of authentic transformational leadership. Image 2 (below), demonstrates that these kinds of leaders engage in: * Idealized influence:   Serving as examples of excellence and character; creating a climate of high standards for task performance and ethical choices. * Inspirational motivation:   Developing and communicating an ambitious, exciting and morally good vision for the group to achieve; involving followers, empowering them and encouraging their development. * Intellectual stimulation:   Fostering open discussion of the vision, its implementation and encouraging new ideas from their followers without criticizing them publicly for their mistakes. Individualized consideration:   Demonstrating genuine concern for followers’ development; provide coaching and mentoring and rewarding followers for creativity and innovation. Image 2 Transformational Leadership Model (Management Study Guide, 2009) iii. Advantages of Authentic Transformational Leaders The advantages become apparent when demonstrating ethical behav iour and personal character while performing the four types of leadership behaviours in Image 1. Many researchers have proposed outcomes relating to authentic, transformational, ethical, and charismatic behaviours. These include trust (Robinson, 1996), organizational commitment (Conger, 1999), satisfaction (George Jones, 1997), performance (Howell Avolio, 1993) and organizational citizenship behaviour (Gardner Schermerhorn, 2004). Additionally, the above authors suggest that: * These leaders develop higher levels of self-awareness. * They lead followers through personal development and organizational change. * They are able to persuade them to step out of their comfort zones, take a leap of faith and follow their leaders into the unknown. These also support a recent HBR discussion amongst Harvard’s leadership academia, who advocate the need for an increased level of self-awareness amongst business leaders, effective diversity management and forging greater partnerships with ALL stakeholders, both consumers and suppliers alike in the age of a more connected and socially (pro) active business environment. 2. 4Conclusion Authentic-transformational leaders are those leaders who are able to intellectually stimulate, inspirationally motivate and ideally influence their followers in an ethical manner. They are transparent in their dealings and ethical in their actions and it is their authenticity that removes the potential for them to abuse this leadership style. (Bass and Steidlmeier(1999). section 3 THE HR VALUE PROPOSITION-recommendations to mitigate the implications of the case study findings through the use of hr value propositions 3. HR Value Proposition 3. 1 Definition Human Resource, â€Å"HR†, professionals add value when their work aids an organization to achieve its goals. It is not the design of a program or declaration of policy that matters the most, but what recipients gain from these actions (Success360degree. com). In a world of increasingly scarce resources, activities that fail to add value are not worth pursuing. The HR value proposition means that HR practices, departments and professionals produce positive outcomes for key stakeholders – employees, line managers, customers, and investors. (Amerin, 2005) According to David Ulrich (2005) HR needs to be able to show how their activities create value for key stakeholders. He asserts that HR must have a direct line of sight to the market place such as the customers who buy products and services and to the shareholders who provide capital and that HR must be framed as a source of competitive advantage. He states that ultimately HR professionals need to be able to spell out how they provide a unique and powerful perspective of the linkages between employee commitment, customer attitudes and investor returns. (Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, 2005) The role of a leader in an organisation is to lead change, lead transformation, lead teams and lead engagement. This process is often a learning on the part of the leader. For this reason, leadership branding is often part of the HR value proposition due to the fact that HR is the custodian of learning and development within an organisation. . 2HR Value Proposition Objectives * HR needs to be able to show how their activities create value for key stakeholders (i. e. the business, customers, employees, investors) * HR must have a direct line of sight to the market place such as the customers who buy products and services and to the shareholders who provide capital (a suggestion of a strong market orientation). * HR professionals m ust align practices with the requirements of internal and external stakeholders (operating in a silo is no longer suitable). HR professionals must acquire the personal knowledge and skills necessary to link HR activity to stakeholder value. * HR professionals need to be able to spell out how they provide a unique and powerful perspective of the linkages between employee commitment, customer attitudes and investor returns. 3. 3 A Systemic HR Mental Model HR needs to frame a new mental model that will make others take notice of and acknowledge the profound and sustainable benefits HR brings to organisations in the new economy. Such a mental model must form the strategic framework that provides HR professionals with the evidence that HR is truly adding value to key stakeholders. Once developed, a systemic HR mental model will provide the strategic framework that enables HR professionals to make significant and tangible contributions to business performance. For instance, HR professionals will be able to use these models to economically justify their initiatives, advise where the business is at risk, highlight opportunities to continually improve performance and most importantly, show how they add to stakeholder value. This conclave will provide a platform where eminent HR professionals will discuss the issues that organizations need to handle in order to transform the role of HR and aid organizations to gain and sustain competitive advantage. (www. ksom. ac. in) The HR Value Proposition, which was developed by Dave Ulrich in 2005,expressesfivekey elements for the value creation activities of HR, namely: 1. Knowing external business realities 2. Serving Internal and External Stakeholders 3. Creating HR Best Practices . Building HR Resources 5. Ensuring HR Professionalism Figure 1 HR Value Proposition Template (D. Ulrich 2005) 3. 4ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES PROPOSED The HR Value proposition mind map (Table 1) speaks to challenges organisations may be facing. Social media connectivity and activism can impact business relations both internally (employee relations) and externally (customer relations). We therefore propose two examples of this for a generic Company X: 1. Employees who are dissatisfied wi th utocratic, heavy-handed leadership within an organisation; and 2. customer online queries or complaints are being sluggishly attended to, resulting in poor customer service levels. 3. 5Business Implications 1. Employees could take to social media and discuss amongst themselves their dissatisfaction with their leaders resulting in lower levels of staff morale, productivity and insubordination (borne out of frustration and on-going discussions in and amongst disgruntled employees). The recent Marikana Mining tragedy, although still under investigation, could potentially point toward employee mobilization (which may have been aided by social media interaction such as Blackberry messenger â€Å"BBM†, or possibly Facebook engagement) and possibly suggest how three thousand employees mobilized to the exclusion of their own union leaders, who purport not to have known about the impending strike action. . Customers who sense that company X is not engaging speedily and effectively to their queries or complaints may view the company’s indifference as a sign of it not being customer oriented and they may retaliate on social media platforms. The online conversation could inform new customers and other existing customers of the company’s level of degree of engagement as such impacting business performance. . 6 The Value Proposition- Application The HR Value Proposition will address the issues in the two examples cited above that will result in improve ment or a turnaround strategy. The systemic mind map model will seek to address the first two of the elements of Ulrich’s HR value proposition namely, 1. Knowing external business realities; and 2. Serving Internal and External Stakeholders. The reason for choosing the above two elements is because neo-socio dynamics (social media) suggests (1) a new and evolving external business reality in the form of online and mobile phone technology, its connectivity, user activity, and continued global growth in online social engagement and (2) ‘serving internal and external stakeholders’, who are now seemingly more connected and willing to voice their dissatisfaction, implies that HR needs to re-orientate its value proposition in light of how and where internal and xternal stakeholders are now having their conversations, which is online, in real time, sporadic, and transparent. As such the Value Proposition should aim to: * Create market value for investors by increasing intangibles. * Increases customer share by connecting with target customers. * Help line managers deliver strategy by building organisation capabilities. * Clarify and establish an employee value proposition and enhance individual abilities. * Improve the line manager’s ability to understand external business realities. HR Value Proposition Element| HR Transformation Criteria| HR Intervention| HR Value Proposition| Knowing the external businessRealities Article I. AND Article II. Serving externaland internal stakeholders| Create market value for investors by increasing intangibles. Increases customer share by connecting with target customers. Helps line managers deliver strategy by building organisation capabilities. Clarifies and establishes an employee value proposition and enhances individual abilities. Improve the line managers ability to understand external business realties| * The experience, level, function, previous management education, current challenges faced and demographic background of the potential participants needs to be considered when setting the objectives so that the programme is made relevant to the participant as well as the organisation. Leadership development needs may be carried out at this time which are linked to the strategic objectives and competencies needed for organisational success. * Based on the results of assessments they will be nominated to go on courses to close the competency gap. A suitable audience will be selected * An evaluation system and corresponding actions to reward success and improve on deficiencies preferably the Kirkpatrick Model in which to gauge self-development of leaders; their ability to contribute to the teams they lead; and which help them contribute to the business and strategic change. The basket of offerings from a develop ment perspective and leadership programme will be: 1. Emotional Intelligence 2. Resilience 3. Customer Orientation 4. Problem solving 5. Analytical Skills 6. Communication 7. Networking 8. Coaching 9. MentoringAnalytical skills. 10. Communication 11. Networking| 1. Clear focus on customer satisfaction and meeting the needs of the customer. 2. Improved staff retention 3. Lowered staff turnover 4. Increased productivity 5. Display of effective leadership and managerial skills 6. Effective problem solving and decision-making. 7. Analyse and integrate information and facts and demonstrate performance and change in behaviour 8. Make decisive and proactive decisions 9. Clear and detailed written communication skills. 10. Clear focus on networking with all key stakeholders. Table 1: HR Value Proposition Mind Map – Generic Organization X 3. 7 Conclusion The business world shapes leaders, pushing them to adapt and change in the face of social technology’s revolutionizing impact. Social media has connected, networked and empowered employees, customers, partners and investors and all stakeholders of the company globally. The change has been so rapid that leaders are increasingl y caught unprepared(Barry Libert and Sally Ourieff 2012). To succeed, and even just to survive, leaders must evolve as today’s technologies are changing. Social, mobile and cloud technologies force savvy businesses to become open, transparent, and inclusive organizations with stakeholders. Leaders must create new frameworks to integrate their understanding of social and mobile technologies into their leadership skills and management teams must recruit candidates equipped with these new capabilities. â€Å"Be Open, Be Transparent, Be Authentic† are the current leadership mantras, yet companies often push back according to Charlene Li (2011). Traditionally business is premised on the concept of control, yet the new world order (neo-socio dynamics) demands ‘openness’. ______________________________________________________ 3. 8 REFERENCES – SECTION 2 AND 3 1. Aughton P. 2005, Mapping the HR Value Proposition 2. Augie Ray May 11, 2010; (http://blogs. forrester. com/augie_ray/10-05-11-seven_things_your_organization_must_do_because_social_media) 3. Barron, C. 2012: A social media shock for Woollies, Sunday Times Bu siness Times Aug 19th 2012 pg6. 4. Barry Libert and Sally Ourieff 2012, Recruiting and Developing Great Teams in the Facebook Age , https://www. bluesteps. com/blog/Recruiting-and-Developing-Great-Teams-in-the-Facebook-Age. aspx (date accessed: July 28 2012) 5. Bass, B. M. Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behaviour. Leadership Quarterly, 10(2): 181-217. 6. http://dssresources. com/faq/index. php? action=artikel=225 7. http://www. ccl. org/leadership/pdf/research/creatingGovernmentLeaders. pdf 8. http://www. ccl. org/leadership/pdf/research/futureTrends. pdf 9. http://www. ehow. com/list_6713655_effects-autocratic-leadership. html 10. http://www. highwayafrica. com/media/Citizen_Journalism_and_Democracy_Book. pdf 11. Li, C (2011) Open Leadership: How Social Technology Can Transform How You Leadhttp://www. charleneli. om/open-leadership/ date accessed July 16th, 2012 12. Nichols, Thomas W.. Authentic transformational leadership and implicit leadership theories.. Denton, Texas. UNT Digital Library. http://digital. library. unt. edu/ark:/67531/metadc9056/. Accessed July 16, 2012. 13. Transformational Leadership theory http://managementstudyguide. com/transformational-leadership. htm date accessed 16th July 2012 14. Ulrich D, 2005, HR’s New Mandate: Be a strategic player, http://hbswk. hbs. edu/archive/4861. html (date accessed: 30/07/2012) Images:  © 2012 (Twitter) Twitter Inc. , (Facebook) Facebook Corp, (YouTube) Google Inc. How to cite The Power of the Follower: the Arab Spring and Social Media, Papers

Karma Essay Example

Karma Essay Karma Karma moves in two directions. If we act virtuously, the seed we plant will result in happiness. If we act non-virtuously suffering results, said Saying Mayhap. I believe that Karma does exist and if you act a certain way towards others and yourself it will reflect on whats going to happen to you in the future. I believe that all your actions have an outcome whether they are good or bad. I think that if an individual believes in Karma they think things through more carefully and have more of a responsibility to act respectful towards other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Karma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Karma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Karma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Karma has had a direct impact in my life. Eve seen this directly affect me in areas of hard work, respect, honesty and friendship. A hard worker is one who is industrious and diligent in carrying out tasks and duties. I believe that my dad is a very hard worker and everything that he has done throughout his life has gotten him to where he is today. My dad is the type of person who doesnt give up and finishes what he starts without hesitation. In this situation, my dads Karma is obvious; he works hard for what he wants, he doesnt expect hinges to be handed to him and in return his hard work has provided a beautiful home, a cabin up north, and a secure life for our family and a future for him and my mom in their retirement. I admire his work ethic and know that everything he has earned is because of his hard work. As I grew up as a kid I was raised to have respect for my peers, authority, and myself. I learned that once you give respect to someone, they give you respect back. When I was in high school there seemed to be more drama than usual. It Just so happened that this group of girls didnt like me. They were always rude, said mean things and didnt think before they spoke and I was often hurt by their remarks. Although I wanted to say things back to them Just so they could hurt like they were hurting me, I remembered the saying, what goes around, comes around and I wanted to be the bigger person and not say anything to them at all and Just let it go. I believed in Karma enough Just to keep my negative words to myself and continue to work at being kind. I knew that one day they would feel the way that they made me feel and my hope was they would learn to respect people the way they should. Being an honest person is always the best thing to do. I was also raised to be honest about things and not lie. If I ever did anything wrong, I was told to admit my wrong doing, apologize, and move on. One day my mom had bought new coasters for our tables in the basement. She was so excited because they matched really well. I had my friend Adrian over and we were messing around and I had fell into the table and the coasters fell onto the cement and broke. I hurried up to get the pieces to horror them in the trash, but then I thought about it and decided that lying wasnt worth getting in trouble for because it would come back ten times worse. When I had told my mom the truth, she wasnt mad that I had broken them and she was proud of me for telling the truth. For a teenager friendship is one of the most important things. You always want someone who is going to be reliable, honest and trustworthy. I thought I had that type AT Eternal out I was proved wrong. One clay something Log napped to me Ana I had to tell one of my best friends about it. When I told her my secret I asked that she didnt tell anyone and of course she agreed and said yes, so I believed her. A few weeks later the secret I had told her came right back to me from other people. I felt betrayed because I had so much trust into this person and she told people about what happened to me. I decided that I couldnt trust her anymore so I wasnt going to be her friend. I believe that Karma affected her because she lost a friend over something she knew she shouldnt have done. Also because now people know that he is not very trustworthy so it will take her a long time to earn anyones trust. I believe that Karma will affect everyone at some point in their lives. Although many people believe that is it the underhanded people or dishonest people that get what they want but I disagree and believe that they will get what they deserve. People who lie and cheat the system will always get caught. People, who treat others badly, will also get treated that way and people who disrespect others will inevitably be disrespected. Nothing is ever free or easy and Karma can either be your friend or your enemy.