How Climatology Is Different From Meteorology

Climatology is the study of the slowly varying behavior of Earths atmosphere, oceans, and land (climate) over a period of time. It can also be thought of as weather over a period of time. It is considered a branch of meteorology. A person who studies or practices climatology professionally is known as a climatologist. Two main areas of climatology include paleoclimatology, the study of past climates by examining records such as ice cores and tree rings; and historical climatology, the study of climate as it relates to human history over the last few thousand years. What Do Climatologists Do? Everyone knows that meteorologists work to forecast the weather. But what about climatologists? They study: Climate variability:  Climate variability describes short-term (lasting years to decades) changes in climate caused by naturally occurring events like El Nià ±o, volcanic activity, or changes in the suns activity (solar cycles).Climate change:  Climate change is a warming or cooling in long-term (lasting decades to millions of years) weather patterns, at different places around the world.Global warming:  Global warming describes an increase in Earths average temperature over time.  Note: Although climate change and global warming are two different things, when we talk about climate change were usually referring to global warming because our planet is currently warming temperatures. Climatologists study the above in a number of ways, including studying climate patterns — long-term that have a bearing on our weather today. These climate patterns include El Nià ±o, La Nià ±a, the Arctic oscillation, North Atlantic oscillation, and so on. Commonly gathered climate data and maps include: TemperaturePrecipitation (rainfall and drought)Snow and ice coverSevere weather (thunderstorms and tornadoes frequency)Surface radiationOcean temperatures (SSTs) One of the benefits of climatology is the availability of data for past weather. Understanding past weather can give meteorologists and everyday citizens a view of trends in weather over an extended period of time in most locations around the globe. Although climate has been tracked for a while, there are some data that cannot be obtained; generally anything before 1880.  For this, scientists turn to climate models to forecast and generate a best guess of what the climate may have looked like in the past and  what it may look like  into the future. Why Climatology Matters Weather made its way into mainstream media in the late 1980s and 1990s, but climatology is only now gaining in popularity as global warming becomes a live concern for our society. What once was little more than a laundry list of numbers and data is now a key to understanding how our weather and climate could change within our foreseeable future. Edited by Tiffany Means

Cosmetic History And Facts About The Cosmetic Industry

The cosmetic industry has become such an integral part of the human culture that it often goes on without notice. In the vast and various cultures across our planet cosmetics are used for multitudes of reasons from religious expression, camouflage for soldiers in combat, Hollywood sets, to getting ready for a date. In our culture the use of makeup is almost a rite of passage into young adulthood for young girls and their mothers. The one question that almost no one ask when they open the make-up container is â€Å"What harm will this bring me?† Our assumption is that what we buy in a store is safe to use and is normal. But do we wonder how the cosmetic industry came to the conclusion about their product to support our assumption? According to the website, History of Cosmetics, article: â€Å"Cosmetic History and Facts,† the use of cosmetics dates back some twelve thousand years to the ancient Egyptians when they discovered the properties of healing oils. Soon the use of cosmetics grew throughout their entire population as a way of expression and to honor their gods. Soon almost everyone wore eyeliner and used scented oils the allure of cosmetics didn’t stop even when some of the ingredients proved to be fatal. The cosmetic industry pushed past the boundaries of Egypt into other parts of the world in some parts of the world like Rome and Greece it was met with some resistance. The resistance proved to be only a minor damper to the movement of the cosmetic industryShow MoreRelatedHow Does Beauty Actually Equal Pain?1588 Words   |  7 Pagestry and be the best they can be. But, where should the line be drawn? History dating all the way back to Ancient Greece shows signs that lead was used as a cosmetic, applied to the eyes and face. This would cause skin lesions, madness, and even infertility among the lucky (Mapes, 2008). Is it really worth it? Does beauty actually equal pain? These questions can invoke a kind of curiosity about present day skincare and cosmetics and how they are affecting human bodies in a more modern setting. AllRead MoreHuman Health And Natural Environment1246 Words   |  5 PagesSkin Deep Cosmetics Database, we use nine personal products daily on average. One percent of men and twenty-five percent of women surveyed use 15 or more products every day. We use cosmetics and other personal care products without doubt of their quality and safety because we believe government and law regulate unhealthy ingredients and oversee the quality. But we barely pay attention to what we are using-- the ingredients, impact on human health and natural environment. Surprisingly, cosmetic companiesRead MoreThe Historical Record Of Makeup1625 Words   |  7 Pageswas first introduced by Ancient Egyptians. It is hard to evaluate the exact time. However, with my research, I have found that it was introduced and more commonly seen around 3100BC. According to Christy Tillery French, a writer of the article â€Å"The Hi story of Makeup† said, â€Å"The earliest historical record of makeup comes from the 1st dynasty of Egypt (c.3100 – 2907 BC)†. This proves that the research date is pretty accurate. Back then, Men and Women both used scented oils and ointments to lubricant theirRead MoreThe Beauty Of The Cosmetics Industry Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe cosmetics industry is flourishing, according to Research and Markets â€Å"The global Cosmetic market was 460 billion USD in 2014 and is estimated to reach 675 billion USD by 2020 growing at a rate of 6.4%† (Oristep). But as the industry has been growing, the legislation surrounding it has remained relatively stagnant within the United States. In recent years, the industry has been subjected to scrutiny because of the use of potentially harmful ingredients. While the Food and Drug Administration isRead MoreMissha1223 Words   |  5 Pagescreated a history in the cosmetic industry. Through MISSHA’s emergence and the remarkable success in early 2000’s, the low-priced cosmetics niche market created by them became bigger enough to attract many other companies. However, MISSHA has recently shown rather disappointing business performance. This paper describes Missha’s business model and other factors for their early success and also seeks possible recommendations for overcoming recent crisis. II. Cosmetic Industry 1. Cosmetic Market TrendRead MoreMissha1234 Words   |  5 Pagescreated a history in the cosmetic industry. Through MISSHA’s emergence and the remarkable success in early 2000’s, the low-priced cosmetics niche market created by them became bigger enough to attract many other companies. However, MISSHA has recently shown rather disappointing business performance. This paper describes Missha’s business model and other factors for their early success and also seeks possible recommendations for overcoming recent crisis. II. Cosmetic Industry 1. Cosmetic MarketRead MoreThe Fight Against Animal Testing1456 Words   |  6 PagesTesting in Cosmetics The makeup industry has flourished for as long as one can remember. The popularity of beauty bloggers, celebrity makeup lines, etc. have actually led to a record-breaking boost in makeup sales. Cosmetic brands have become more prominent, and makeup stores such as Sephora and Ulta continue to thrive. However, various demands must be met in order to keep up with the growing consumership, and one of the most controversial topics contributing to the success of the makeup industry is animalRead MoreHello1309 Words   |  6 PagesAna Magalhaes David Frisch ENC 1102 30 January 2016 The Morality of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicineRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Women1249 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history women specifically have felt the need to change their physical appearance in order to be accepted by societies beauty ideal. Social media has influenced women to believe that the word â€Å"beauty† defines the outward appearance according to the internets definition — â€Å"beauty is a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.† The definition itself allows anyone to mistakenly interpret the word â€Å"beauty† to determineRe ad MoreThe Ugly Truth About Cosmetics1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ugly Truth About Cosmetics Did you know the Cosmetic Industry allows hazardous chemicals in cosmetics that are banned in Canada, Japan and Europe? Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance and odor of the human body. When it comes to cosmetics, the effects of the ingredients contained by beauty products can be more than just skin-deep. This is because the cosmetics industry uses numerous synthetic chemicals in their products ranging from lipstick, body care and fragrance. Unfortunately

A Day in the Life of Fahad Free Essays

Beep, beep, beep, beep â€Å"Oh man, is it 7.30 am already† is what I say to myself in the early morning of an average school day. During an average school morning, I look, talk and walk like a tramp. We will write a custom essay sample on A Day in the Life of Fahad or any similar topic only for you Order Now At 7.45 am I walk into the bathroom where I do my personal business such as doing my toothbrush, washing my face with soap and then either have a shower or have a bath, when I’ve had a shower or whatever I go to the mirror and flex my muscles and comb my hair and if I have to put some hair gel on after I’ve done this I put some facial cream on to stop dry skin from attacking me. When I get out the bathroom I run straight into my bedroom, I then put some spray on my body after this part of the morning I get changed into those things called a school uniform which all school pupils probably dread wearing, once I have successfully completed this I look for my shoes which I normally place beside my bed and place them into my feet and do up the shoe laces I grab my bag and motivate myself to carefully walk down the stairs and make sure I don’t wake my brothers up and go into the kitchen snatch the cereal box from my mum and with a mess pour it into a plate then get the milk out of the fridge and in the same way pour it over the cereal and then just eat it like I’ve never eaten in my life before†¦ When that horrendous scene has gone past I say all my goodbyes and get ready for what I say an ‘assault course’ because I on my way to school I go in and out of muddy areas. Every time I walk to school I have to go to the shops because I get tired and out of juice and once I’ve got my energy back I start walking faster and when I reach school I go straight into my form room with a big bang on the chair which shows how much effort I put into walking to school. If I get late for a lesson my best excuse is that â€Å"Miss, everyone came late to registration and when they came they all started messing around, and by the time we got our registration done, every one was already 5 minutes into their lessons.† This master excuse always works for me whenever I am late for a lesson. Today for the first 2 lessons I have English, then I have got break time, then the second 2 lessons I have Science and History and for the last 2 lessons I have got RE (full course) and Business Communication Systems. For some strange reason the first 2 lessons go awfully slow and so do the last 2 lessons. On the last lesson everyone is tired and can’t wait till home time, at this time nobody talks and all you hear is tick tock tick tock and then when its time to go everyone cheers and go running to their cars or wherever they go at home time. Well for me, I go to the school gates and wait for my friends and walk up to where we all split up one of my friends goes to the left, the other friend goes right and I go straight up ahead, once I get to the shops, I would always get a packet of chewing gum and a bottle of Fanta Fruit Twist which is my best drink. When I get home my mum would prepare me a cup of tea with some biscuits, after this small feast I run back into my bedroom and get changed into something more suitable for me and go get my very thick jacket, the reason I take this jacket is because everyone is bound to get hit with a stick by the mosque teacher either for not reading properly or talking to a friend, I go mosque to read the Qur’an and learn about Islam and read Urdu too. After mosque I go to my friends house and play out till about 8.00 pm when I get back from my friends house I come home and eat some chappatees and some drink to go with it. During my food time I watch some TV and its normally Eastenders. I then go upstairs and do all my school homework. After this I get changed into my night-clothes and go to sleep. Beep, beep, beep, beep â€Å"Oh man, is it 7.30 am already.† If you think about school, it’s like a test, if you get it all wrong then you won’t get a good job, if not that then you’ll get nothing at all. So you have to accept getting up early and doing the best you can at every thing even if you don’t like it. How to cite A Day in the Life of Fahad, Essays

Personal Leadership Model Retrived Business Review

Question: Describe about the Personal Leadership Model for Retrived Business Review. Answer: Personal Leadership Model I have learned that leaders have to lead from front. It is important that the leaders should be able to have a vision in mind and the same should be communicated to different stakeholders. It can be done only when leaders can maintain a balance between their lives. It is expected that leaders should be able to drive the change in the organization. I have learned that personal leadership plan should also include the focus on emotional aspect of business. It is important for leaders to consider that change is not a purely rational process but also involves emotions (Hechanova, 2013). The sense of loss and feelings of powerlessness must be addressed. This issue is one of the biggest problem areas in leadership. A manager may have great vision and be clearly communicating where they want to go but if they do not bring people along emotionally in change they will have limited success. It is believed that people who are emotionally stable will be more productive and the organization will b e more successful. I personally believe that execution is one of the top reasons that businesses are not successful when implementing change. I have experienced lack of leadership and execution throughout my career. Many times the intention and the intended direction of the organization were great.But there was not any follow through. All talk and no action.This is the reason that my personal leadership development plan is focused on planning as well as executing. The three key areas on which my leadership development plan is focused on are communication, leading from front and change management. These three areas are identified as the core skills of my leadership communication plan. I believe that leaders should have certain core skills like communication, leading from front, etc. The core skills are the skills that are generally common across all the leaders in different fields. For example, the political or the industrial leaders are expected to have the effective capabilities of communication and leading. In addition the leaders should have the support skills. The support skills could be specific to the domain. For example, the industry leaders must have the market knowledge and the political leaders must have political knowledge. My leadership development plan also focuses on partnership with different internal and external stakeholders. I would agree with the point of having insufficient partners when it comes to implementation of a strategy. This part that interest me the most is why and how that breakdown on communication between the brilliant idea that will allow to company to continue to be relevant and the employee that will execute that plan (Ladegard , 2014). How can there be such a breakdown. Communication is important and allowing those to understand how vital these processes it is for everyones position. Accountability and rewards must be part of that process. The core and the support skills and the logical depiction of my personal leadership development plan can be shown as: I believe that the leadership development is a continuous process and there is no end to master the art of leadership. I think the greatest challenge of operationalizing strategy across various functions would be how managers and leaders of the organization use the operational goals in regards to planning for individual departments, show what that looks like for each function of the department while staying to the message of the strategic plan (Daft, 2014). I absolutely think these challenges change depending on the circumstances. In Leadership Development, we are consistently looking at ways to help develop employees and departments and personalize training for department and their functions within the organization. When people have a large organization that have multiple business groups that all function as a separate function, but then have to work together with all the business groups to ensure the success of the organization is an example. If an organization is implanting new so ftware that can increase speed of measurements of luggage, this can impact employee staffing, budget to departments and ultimate cause angst amongst employees (Kurt Zehir, 2016). My leadership development plan is focused in the field of business. It is important that the business strategy of the organizations should be based on the internal capabilities of the organization. I think that is a challenge many organizations face when implementing strategy across business function. When implementing strategy's managers needs to plan based on operational goals to archive the individuals department goals, a challenge mangers face would be the knowledge could get lost in the planning process (Daft, 2014). Employees who are resistant to change can also add to the challenge of implementing new strategy, which can also impact your point of knowledge getting lost. I believe that individual behavior will be one of the biggest challenges in implementing new strategies to reach organizational goals. There are going to be people at all ends of the spectrum in terms of being on board and compliant with all the necessary behavioral and process changes required to put the strat egy to work. These people will also encompass all types of positions including administration, leadership, supervisors, and followers. All of the preparation leading up to the roll out is critical to all employees embracing the change and working toward the goal. Daft (2013) explains that planning is the most fundamental of the four management functions (p. 210). If not planned out efficiently, the risk is not gaining employees buy-in and facing an uphill battle to obtain it. One of the core skills in my leadership development model is change management. Managers and leaders contribute to the culture, behaviors, and planning in subsystem within mostorganizations (Herrmann, 2014).I do agree that the challenges of change depend on the circumstance.Many times in organizations ineffective, and anon-strategic approachchange implementation, can cause high employee turn over, low moral, andmore resistant. Organizations can overcome these challenges in several ways. For example communication and training, assessing the needs of employees, andassessing the risk.I agree that as a leader you must build a relationship with your team or department in order for a positive working environment. Leaders must also build trust amongst their team for a successful outcome of the team and the organization. Communication is the key for any team or department work together and to build a positive work relationship.The leadership theory practiced in the above leadership model see ks to identify future goals and establish tasks and processes to achieve long-term goals. A leader is more easily able to identify future goals and create visionary ideas, however, this can be challenging if they are not able to manage their employees and keep their ideas realistic, measureable and relevant to the employees (Kempster Higgs, 2014). As a part of my leadership development model, I would also like to focus on the skills to work in a virtual environment. I agree that leading a virtual team is about building a team with positive and effective working relationship along with creates ideas and effective skills and talents. A virtual team builds trust, motivation, and collaboration amongst everyone. Effective communication is also a major factor for virtual teams to be successful whereas open, honest communication not only helps you avoid misunderstandings, but it will also increase your effectiveness. Effective communication and cooperation can help a group get things done (Kreither Kinicki, 2013). Ferrazzi (2014) discussed the importance of leaders choosing the right team for the beginning to ensure success in virtual teams. Due to the fact that great communication is essential and that individuals will not be monitored, as regularly, leaders should find intelligent, self-motivated individuals with high levels of em otional intelligence. These skills will develop a more resilient team that will be more mindful of others and work to create a cohesive team. I also believe that expectations must be set and adhered to so that when meetings are set people or on task and focused. There is nothing more frustrating then having a team meeting with individuals around the state and no one is sure who is taking the lead, what the focus is and wondering who will move the conversation forward (Smylie, 2015). The more work that is put into developing the team and the team roles at the beginning the more effective the teams will be. A lot of research is being done in the field of leadership. There are various leadership development models in the market. It is important that the leaders should use the leadership development model that goes well with their personal philosophy and definition of leadership. At a generic level, I feel that transformational leadership style and charismatic leadership style should definitely be part of the leadership development model for the leaders that have to manage a large team. References Daft, R. L. (2013). Management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Day, D.V., Fleenor, J.W., Atwater, L.E., Sturm, R.E. and McKee, R.A., 2014. Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.63-82. Ferrazzi, K. (2014, December). Getting virtual teams right. Harvard Business Review: Retrieved from:https://hbr.org/2014/12/getting-virtual-teams-rightLearning. Herrmann, P. and Nadkarni, S., 2014. Managing strategic change: The duality of CEO personality.Strategic management journal,35(9), pp.1318-1342. Kreither, R, Kinicki, A. (2013). Organizational behavior (10th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc. Kempster, S., Higgs, M., Wuerz, T. (2014). Pilots for change: exploring organisational change through distributed leadership. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 35(2), 152-167. Kurt, A. and Zehir, C., 2016. The relationship between cost leadership strategy, total quality management applications and financial performance. Ladegard, G. and Gjerde, S., 2014. Leadership coaching, leader role-efficacy, and trust in subordinates. A mixed methods study assessing leadership coaching as a leadership development tool.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.631-646. Hechanova, R. M., Cementina-Olpoc, R. (2013). Transformational leadership, change management, and commitment to change: A comparison of academic and business organizations. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 22(1), 11-19. Smylie, M.A., 2015. Developing Teacher Leadership: What Teacher Leaders Can Do.

The Manufacture Of Military Munitions And The Development Of A Home Ma

? The manufacture of military munitions and the development of a home market were critical underpinnings of the first industrial revolution in Britain. Military manufacturing supported by the British Government contributed directly to technological innovation and spurred industrialization. This is because the companies that choose to fulfill the government contracts to make military munitions found money could be made if new processes and technology was developed to fulfill the huge contracts. Military manufacturing was one of the few industries where innovation was rewarded. In most other industries conservative investors were reluctant to invest in new manufacturing technology. But in military manufacturing the government was the investor and was unconcerned with the manufacturing technology as long as the product was delivered on time. Many technological advances were made through military manufacturing some of these were new ways to manufacture iron, conveyer belts, and the use machine tools . The technology developed for military manufacturing then spilled over into the civilian sector of the economy. And because it was now a tested technology investors who were normally cautious were willing to put their capital into these ventures which instead of pouring iron to make guns now made iron ore into stoves and pots. ? The second critical underpinning of the first industrial revolution was the development of a home market in Britain. The first British industrialists manufactured textiles; specifically cotton for the home market. The growth of the home market in Britain promoted industrialization in several ways. First, it was a steady market which able to cushion the export market which was very dynamic and had sudden fluctuations. This allowed a steady rate of growth even when exports fell. Second, the home market started the process of urbanization by causing people to leave the agricultural sector of the economy and move to the cities to work in the cotton and textile factories. This urbanization had a snowballing effect throughout the economy because it caused other business and factories to open in the cities to support this new urban class. Third, the home market caused investments to be made in improving infrastructure including roads, bridges and canals. This paved the way for industria lization which needed an efficient system to transport goods from factory to market. The home market also provided the base for other industries such as coal. This was because the home market created greater urbanization and thus the need for coal in urban England grew. The military sector of the economy provided some of the key technological innovations that promoted industrialization. And the home market that was produced by the cotton textile trade promoted improvements in infrastructure and spurred other industries to develop.

Reasons for Joining WW1 (DBQ) essays

Reasons for Joining WW1 (DBQ) essays To the winner go the spoils, to the loser goes humiliation, but if its not your fight, avoid either of those situations and stay out of it. That seemed to be Wilsons opinion in 1914. As World War I began and expanded to much of Europe, the US [mainly Wilson] decided to remain neutral. However, things dont always go as planned. Nationalism, financial interests, and past American connections with other nations caused the US to abandon its neutrality and enter World War I. Americas nationalism included the tendency to act in their own interest, such as protecting themselves from war. Once Germany started threatening force with their submarines, America had to take action to defend itself. If the US tolerated this international bullying, it would diminish its reputation as a great power. Instead, as document 5 shows; when Germany tried to act against America, America accepted it as a justified reason for going to war. Another one of Germanys strikes against America was the Zimmerman Note, explained in document 4. The note enraged Americans, who saw it as Germany going behind our back to set up an alliance incase things went bad. It also encouraged Mexico to take back certain parts of land that were now part of the US. Clearly this didnt please America, who once again saw this as a need to take a defensive standpoint. Perhaps the most influential but least honorable reason for joining the war, was the financial aspect. America had many commercial investments overseas, and this war threatened them. That was when Wilson proclaimed American a neutral country; this way keeping trade relations mellow with all countries. Some business leaders praised the choice of going neutral, others who had stronger connections with Great Britain, wanted to aid the country if necessary. After all, as document 2 shows, trade with Britain was at higher rates than trade with any other country. And when it was necessary...

Preliminary Reference Procedure in Ensuring Uniformity and Consistent Essay

Preliminary Reference Procedure in Ensuring Uniformity and Consistent Development of European Union Law - Essay Example This paper stresses that the European Union preliminary ruling procedure places substantial vested interest in the national courts; it is the national courts, after-all, who are the first guarantors of Union law. One notes that the all-consuming nature of this ruling is parallel to the United States Supreme Court interpretive mechanism of law, wherein this judicial body represents the ultimate view on the subject matter. Indeed, the very name preliminary ruling procedure is slightly misleading as it seemingly indicates the origination of the interpretive process when in reality it is the endpoint of law. this essay has contained a discussion of the procedural nature of the ECJ's interaction. However, it should not be forgotten that the preliminary reference procedure is instrumental in allowing the ECJ to lay down new substantive legal principles. One need look no further for an example than the case of Van Gend. This was the first case in which the doctrine of direct effect was articulated. Today it has come to represent a seminal ruling in terms of preliminary procedure for its exploration of the limits and potential expansive nature of the process itself. At the time only Treaties were held to be directly effective, subsequently however, the principle has expanded and can now, stated generally, include virtually any form of EU legislation, so long as these are unequivocally articulated, not dependent on outside understanding, and grant a unique right to the claimant. Van Gend, as described above was a case brought to the ECJ under the preliminary reference procedure on a question of the interpretation of Article 30 TFEU. ... icle 110 TFEU occasioned the ECJs shift to primacy over national courts 5 Article 30 TFEU and the Preliminary Reference Procedure – the development of EU precedent 7 Preliminary Reference Procedure and the substantive development of the law 9 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction European Union preliminary reference procedure functions as the predominant interpretive mechanism in Union Law. Indeed, the preliminary reference procedure has been referred to as the ‘jewel in the Crown of the ECJ’s jurisdiction’ for this central position to the development of Union law (Barnard 2010, p109). It is a procedure that provides a vital contact point between the jurisdiction of the ECJ and the national courts, allowing legal issues relating legal issues that are correlated with the interpretation of Treaties to be mitigated throughout the European Union (Blackstone 2011). This preliminary ruling procedure is a unique element of the European Union legal structure. W hile interpretive and appellate processes are regularly aspects of most Western legal system, the European Union preliminary ruling procedure places substantial vested interest in the national courts; it is the national courts, after-all, who are the first guarantors of Union law. One notes that the all-consuming nature of this ruling is parallel to the United States Supreme Court interpretive mechanism of law, wherein this judicial body represents the ultimate view on the subject matter. Indeed, the very name preliminary ruling procedure is slightly misleading as it seemingly indicates the origination of the interpretive process when in reality it is the endpoint of law. This process emerged with the formulation of the European Union judicial system and is specifically described in the Treaty on the

Golden Fleece Hotel , case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Golden Fleece Hotel , case study - Essay Example This report contains multitude of examples, through scholarly and pragmatic articles, researches and surveys that prove the point that information systems and internet applications in today’s world are all the tools you need to succeed in a business if you have proven yourself in the skill you excel at, or the business you work in. This business report can serve as a persuasive read for the owners of the Golden Fleece Hotel, who will benefit greatly with the installation of information systems to improve efficiency and effectiveness of their strategy. Having the state of the art information system can help them gain on the competitive front as well. Business operations in the hotel management business can make or break the business. Branding and maintaining quality is the way to move forward (Ralph, 2008). This consultancy is being provided by the IM consultants who are an Information Systems Consultancy firm. They provide information systems solutions to business all over the world. Methodology: This report incorporates a lot of secondary information. Secondary information is the data collection from the researches that have already been conducted and articles that have already been written. ... All references have been cited towards the end of the report. Academic sources and journals have been used where necessary to validate the theoretical framework of hotel management. Real life examples have also been employed that further validate the recommendations made towards the end of the report. Golden Fleece Hotel: The Golden Fleece boasts of a rich history; it is relatively new in the hospitality industry and has made its mark through the exceptional service they provide their customers. Since its inception in 1999, it has been moving upwards and seeing success; however, times changed as the hotel entered its 8th year of operation. A number of factors can be attributed to this change. According to research it has been proved that organizations can plan all they want; if they are unable to act according to the changes that take place in the external environment, their strategy will not work. The strategic plan should keep in mind the forecast of changes that may take place in consumer preferences, economical conditions, political environment etc. Therefore, environmental analysis serves as the key to making the right decisions. The management of Golden Fleece was not able to predict that changing nature of business and technology and has suffered duly because of it (Ralph, 2008). According to Silver, information systems are implemented to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the work processes in an organization. There are many types of systems that can be utilized, according to the decision making and information needs of the organization. When it comes to hospitality management the biggest need for the hour is to assimilate

Journal on Ch4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal on Ch4 - Essay Example I tend to believe that the module of inquiry-based instruction also enables teachers to make the learning (of science mostly) easy, not only conveying it. It is because the learners are enabled to bear responsibility for their knowledge and understanding of what they study and construct. I strongly agree with the information provided in the chapter, that it is difficult to conduct the analysis of these studies. It is true that the variations in the terms used to define the instructional methods (BSC 2006). I don’t think other contemporary instructional techniques are superior to inquiry-based approaches unless they are evaluated wholly. The assessment of superiority among various instructional techniques should be based on the effectiveness of the variables involved and the level of interest the study mode invokes. The comparison should also involve the feelings of success and the level of excitement each instructional technique awakens. In also have the conviction that inquiry-based instruction technique can contribute significantly to the effectiveness of my teaching. It is for the simple fact that the technique engages both the teacher and the learners in the learning activity and to bear responsibility for making their knowledge and understanding (BSC 2006). Though the inquiry levels may vary, learners can prioritize evidence, compose explanations, evaluate their descriptions, and justify their proposed descriptions. As a teacher, the method is, therefore, helpful in facilitating my teaching

Writing In A State Of Siege English Literature Essay

Writing In A State Of Siege English Literature Essay The ten years between 1948 and 1958 recorded the bustle and disturbance of social life and exhibited the necessity and possibility of a united fight against racial discrimination. The wide spread resentment at the pass-laws, liquor raids and inadequate amenities in 1950 resulted in the suppression of Communism Act. The word communist it self meant unlawful. In 1952, eight thousand people were imprisoned for opposing the apartheid regulations. Chief Albert Luthuli, the President General of the African National Congress was banned for his commitment to a democratic and inter-racial future in South Africa. Things were in oblivion and in 1958, as the whites did not require any permits, the Fugards were advised to go to Sophiatown, a freehold township, a place which combined magic and smut, respectability and crime, black and white and the most lively and crowded of all the African townships, where the blacks and the whites could move freely, with certain social constraints. As Jurger Schadeberg observes, There was poverty in Sophiatown. There were areas that were somewhat slummy. There were gangs. There were crime and there were cutthroats, but it was a real suburb. It had all the facilities a normal suburb has. Whereas when people moved to Orlando or Meadowlands, or whatever, there was nothing there. Sophiatown was romanticized afterwards. Sophiatown was a symbol because it was a place where people were not mixed than in other places. And people owned their own property. (Schadeberg, 2002: 111-112) Sophiatown was predominantly black and also predominantly poor. The greater part of Sophiatown was a sickening slum. As Don Mattera observes the little Chicago of Johannesburg was essentially known for its cosmopolitan flavor and every conceivable space was occupied by a living thing man or animal. (Mattera 1987:49). Derek Cohen also observes, The small corner of the world, the all but forgotten township of the 1950s, Sophiatown, teems with the variety and vivacity of the world itself. Deep in the bowels of this house of hunger, where men and women tread a diurnal mill of deprivation and indignity, lie, as Fugard reminds us, humanity and strength3.(1984:273-284)) The township also had a surprisingly stunning intellectual atmosphere as the black journalists were trying to express their feelings. Jim Baileys Drum magazine covered the township life. Drum ran articles almost every month, reporting on crime figures, the circumstances forcing ordinary citizens into a life of crime, and the shebeen culture, which fed these offences. Benjamin Pogrund, a liberal friend of the Fugards advised Fugard that he would find the right atmosphere in Sophiatown for his play. The only job Fugard could find was that of a clerk in a Native Commissioners Court where offenders of the pass-laws were tried. The cruel conditions gave birth to his pessimism and his earlier incomplete novel (Tsotsi) found its voice in the two plays of his apprenticeship years, No-Good Friday and Nongogo which represented the travails of the black township. Though they were his early plays and though they lacked the dramatic charm and vision of his later plays, they indicate the struggling mind of Fugard to represent his stance as a dramatist. If No Good Friday projects the impact of bad economic conditions on the individuals who aspire for better social conditions and education, Nongogo reflects the aspirations of the people who dream for better living and individual dignity. These two early plays belong to the formative stage of Fugards maturity as a dramatist. No-Good Friday and Nongogo both represent the apartheid trauma of the South African Society. An exploration (Gray,1981:56-63) into the manuscripts of the first novel of Fugard, (which he threw into the Fiji lagoon) Tsotsi, which was published in 1980, reveals Fugards anxiety during his apprenticeship years to present the problems within the existing conditions. Fugards early plays, No-Good Friday and Nongogo also share some of the aspects of Tsotsi as they were set against the same milieu. Stephen Gray5(1981:56) feels that the characters of Tsotsi appeared in the subsequent plays of Fugard like The Blood Knot, Hello and Goodbye, People Are Living There, Boesman and Lena and in many of his plays written during the 1970s. Fugard presents the burning zeal of an incipient black revolutionary against the exploitation faced by the blacks in No-Good Friday (1958). This play works at two levels at the surface level, it appears to be a mere representation of the conditions of the blacks; but at deeper levels, it records the helplessness of the blacks in the face of exploitation by their own fellow men during the conditions of the apartheid. Fugard presents the oppressive politics working on the life of the township in various forms. Crime by African against African was an everyday reality in Sophiatown. For example an article in the November 1951 issue of Drum, The Birth of a Tsotsi, describes the classic circumstances under which a young boy takes the wrong turning: With grinding poverty and the sea of squalor that surrounds the Gold City, it is not difficult to understand the rest. There is a struggle for existence, and the individual intends to survive. Fugard records this struggle in a naturalistic manner in his early plays like No-Good Friday and Nongogo. Willie Seopela, the independent and stubborn protagonist is an aspiring youngman and he stays with Rebecca, his lady love. Willie, an intellectual in the making, with hopes for a brighter and better living, is a student pursuing his undergraduate studies through correspondence. He represents the image of the desperately stubborn black young men of South Africa. Despite hard circumstances, Willie is optimistic and highly independent. He is liked by Father Higgins, the white humanist who visits the black ghettos to offer solace. Father Higgins introduces Tobias, an innocent villager, who comes to Sophiatown for a better living, to Willie and asks him to fix him somewhere, as he is badly in need of money for his living. Willie, aware of the catastrophic situation that awaits black people in the township, asks Tobias not to entertain big dreams. He does not make any promise to Tobias. The residents of the black township are frequently nagged by Shark, a black gangster who appears every Friday, the day of their weekly payment. The innocent residents ought to offer a share from their pay packets either to Shark or similar other gangsters in trains and on roads. They cannot even make a complaint against them to the police, for, they do not have the pass-books to stay in that town. In a way, they buy their protection from Shark, their fellow black South African. Even the independent Willie makes a passive living allowing the share for Shark from his Fridays pay-packet. Tobias, unaware of these facts innocently argues about the share and gets killed in the hands of Shark. It is only after the death of Tobias, Willie realises the gravity of the situation, the result of their passive attitude and decides to oppose Shark in spite of the murderous consequences. In the process, he sacrifices his love for Rebecca. The play ends with Willie getting prepared for the challenge. The play projects a story of loss of relationships, loss of values and loss of security or protection in the white repressive world. Willie, the protagonist condemns the situation in Johannesburg and very often he appears to be the mouth-piece of Fugard. We are frequently reminded of the life-situation described in Peter Abrahams Mine Boy ,Alan Patons Cry, the Beloved Country and Alex La Gumas A Walk in the Night and And a Threefold Cord. Life is not easy there and it has become unbearable, as observed by Father Higgins, a character in No Good Friday. The grim situation of an unprotected life is summed up by Guy very well. Speaking about Shark, he says: Dont you understand? Hes got shares in the police station. . . . . . You can forget about the police. They protect a fellow like Shark. You see they are only interested in our passes. But a Kaffir laying a charge against a criminal-that would be a joke. We are all criminals. Look, Father, do not be hard on us. You know what I have just said better than any other white8. (1977: 146) As in The Blood Knot and other plays here too Fugard arranges his scenes and the protagonist to present the conditions which reflect their predicament. Asked by Guy to explain their sad life, Willie says that the music of their life is a song of melancholy, loneliness and despair (1977:125) and this is reflected in every scene, every chapter and every dialogue. The play portrays the hard realities of the life in Sophiatown, especially on Friday, which is a fertile acre for troubles (1977:126). Father Higgins, though aware of the all pervading nature of sorrow, expresses his helplessness when Willie asks him if he wants to plant a daffodil in his yard. As Don Mattera describes: The ghetto-like township was unpredictable and dangerous. There were times of searching for a loved one in some alley; finding him or her wounded in a hospital or jail, or dead in a morgue. Or checking for husband or father, a brother or a son who had never returned home from work. Or waiting for a mother, an aunt or sister who did not get off the bus or tram where you usually waited for them. Then the anguish and anxiety that would follow reports of a woman raped, beaten and robbed by the jobless and wont work brigades of tsotsis who owned the days and ruled the nights.'(1987:50) No-Good Friday portrays all these problems in Sophiatown, absence of care by the government, unemployment, frustration, poverty, insecurity, gangsterism, evils of pass-laws, broken bonds of love and the cheapness'() of life seen through the lives of various characters. Despite the hard work, they can hardly reach homes safely with their Friday pay-packets. Reflecting the problems of township life, the play is presented in the back yard of Willie and it indicates their poverty amidst iron shacks. The play has black as well as white characters, like Father Higgins, who resembles Rev. Trevor Huddleston, who made a crusade against the stringent laws of the apartheid in the townships. It also records the migration of the innocent youth to the townships to find employment. The play records the raging gangsterism, a social evil, an oppression by the notoriously stronger ones, which has no opposition. It also shows how the underprivileged ones are victimised. The race-laws worsen the condit ions of living and the Group Areas Act had restricted the blacks in the name of the pass-books. The pass laws had been a permanent threat to the African people. As observed by Edward Roux: The pass laws held the people in conditions of abject poverty and subjection à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ were the cause of sharp racial friction between the peoples of South Africa upheld the cheap labour system which resulted in malnutrition, starvation and disease and filled gaols with innocent people, thus creating wide-spread crime19.(1964:320). Fugard also projects the hidden social angle the White police mans hidden understanding with the black gangsters like Shark. Speaking about the crime of Sophiatown Bloke Modisane writes, I learned there in Sophiatoown,that one looked at the killing and never at the faces of the killers; one also knew that the law is white and justice casual, that it could not protect us against the knives of Sophiatown, so we tolerated the murders whilst the law encouraged them with its indifference.( 1986:63) The residents of Sophiatown cannot approach the police, who are obviously on the side of law. The blacks continue their survival in hellish conditions. These and similar conditions are portrayed in a more powerful manner in Sizwe Bansi is Dead. If Tsotsi traces both gangsterism and the realisation on the part of the protagonist in a single individual, No-Good Friday projects the evils of gangsterism through Shark and the realisation appears in the protagonist, Willie. Having understood the significance of life and the way it is being shattered in Sophiatown, Willie mourns over the misery of their lives and the impossibility of living. He realizes that life is not a fairy tale with a happy ending. The absurdity of living forces him not only to be away from Rebecca but from his own life itself. To make his life more purposeful and less mundane, he wants to oppose Shark by informing the police. His dreams of living happily ever after get shattered and he says: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I gave up dreaming. Tobias reminded me of too much, Guy. He was going to make some money and live happily ever after. Thecosy little dreamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ like this, Willie and Rebecca lived happily ever after! Thats how the fairy stories end and its stupid because, out there is life and it is not ending happily14. (1977:155) He feels that life is vain and useless without a protest against the problem. He blames the individuals within his society including himself for allowing such problems. Willies opposition to Shark and the words of the cunning politician Watson project Fugards anger against such conditions. When life becomes dreadful and unprotected, it becomes meaningless. The death of Willie is not the end of the sequence, but it makes a bold beginning of opposition against gangsterism. It is also the frustration and struggle for a better life. The action of the play takes place between two Fridays and the play carries various emotions like humour, satire, shame, anger, frustration and tragedy, the representative feelings of an impoverished, fragmented and violent society20. (Sheila Fugard: 1993:408).Watson, the politician stands as a satirical portrait of the townships black politicians, who demand a sacrifice from the innocent blacks, for their own betterment. The ironical dedication of the song of Guy, Friday Night Blues itself speaks about the theme of the play. Shark, the gangster with a significant name swallows people like Tobias and ironically praises those who pay him regularly. The play brings out the fact that the people of the township should not have cosy dreams about comfortable living. Going against the tradition of depicting the gangsters from the romantic viewpoint, as was done by other writers of his time, Fugard presents Shark, the gangster, as a cruel reality. As observed by Don Mattera, No story about gangsterism or violence in the townships of Johannesburg can be complete without that of Kort Boy- real name George Mbalweni the five-foot-nothing knifeman from Benoni, a former mining town on the East Rand near Johannesburgà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Kort Boy was a legend in his day much hated , much loved it all depended on which end of knife you were at.(1987:102) Characters in No-Good Friday are many, representing the unlimited problems of his society. Each character stands for a problem. Fugard does not offer any solution but he represents things as they are, for an understanding of what was going on in South Africa. As a symphathising white liberal he expresses his sense of helplessness in the wake of events and the act of writing itself becomes an act of courage and commitment as an individual and as a writer. Despite the removal of the apartheid condition, they enjoy their validity, for, these plays stand as records of the 1950s. Fugard brings out his message best the problem of survival in the wake of hopelessness, dejection and destruction. No Good Friday had its premiers on 30th August 1958 after ten years of the initiation of apartheid in South Africa on the primitive stage of the Bantu Mens Social Centre and Fugard was praised by the African monthly Zonk for giving his unknown actors, a wonderful opportunity to show their talents. Apart from the shows in Bantu Mens Social Centre, the play was also staged amidst church walls in the townships, to black audiences and in the White suburbs. Fugard was refused permission to see even the productions he directed. During the run of No-Good Friday Fugard established friendship with important directors like Barney Simon and Tone Brulin. Not only to the actors, but to the people (both blacks and whites) of Sophiatown, it offered a scope to see themselves and their problems on the stage. Although the play has its own technical faults, as observed by critics -like heavy plotting, unlimited characters etc, the play brings out the shaping mind of Fugard as a dramatist with social concerns. The characters apart from representing the troubled people of South Africa become potential images if Willie, Tobias, Rebecca and Guy stand as the victims, Shark and Watson stand as the wicked political images of the cruel exterior of South Africa. The repeated use of the fairy-tale image with its reference to the impossibility of comfortable life speaks about the predicament of the life of the blacks in South Africa under the pressure of the cruel racist law. Fugard does not present this drama as a mere piece of entertainment. It is a realistic document about the sorrowful living of the black people of Sophiatown who suffer from inter-and intra-racial oppression. Fugard recognises that to be black in South Africa is to be poor, and that black existence is imbued with the struggle to find release from the cycle of poverty and the mean quality of life indigence creates. (Albert Wertheim:) It provokes us to think and Fugard makes his observations and statements come alive through the characters he brings on to the stage. As observed by Sheila Fugard19, the germinative ideas of a nascent playwright got fortified in his later plays like The Blood Knot, Sizwe Bansi Is Dead, The Island, Master Haroldand the boys. Fugard incorporates his intellectual and individual stances of rebellion in Willie the black protagonist. Through him, he voices out his feeling, which necessitate the reason for opposition against the dreadful forces like gangsterism which bear the impact of several cruel racist laws; but according to Nkosi, the play had very little concern with the politics behind the chronic violence and gangsterism in the ghetto. (Vandenbroucke,Russell). Nkosi feels this as a limitation. On the other hand, white writers like Alan Paton and Fugard had observed moderation in depicting their conditions. As analysed by Albert Wertheim it was their moderation that drew world attention to the outrages of apartheid. The final speech of Willie is universal in its appeal, as it explains the reasons for the birth and growth of such evil forces within a society. By making the apartheid tragedy ACT on the stage, Fugard has achieved the theatrical and political meaning of two words acting and imagination. Although Fugard sets many of his plays in South Africa and more specifically in Port Elizabeth, he is not writing specifically South African tragedy, for he uses his South African setting and this presentation of South African life under apartheid rule to define a tragic situation imbued with meaning far beyond the geographical boundaries of South Africa.21 (Albert Wertheim) The play is not restricted to South Africa alone; it appeals to the living conditions of all common people who live in poverty ridden slums and ghettos of all parts of the world. As observed by Albert Wertheim, the play is set against a realistic background-it is a statement against oppression, a feature that is found everywhere in the world. REFERENCES Schadeberg,Jurger(ed).2002. Intervies, Johannesburg 15 March 2002:105-108(Transcript) Mattera,Don.1987.Gone with the twilight: A Story of Sophiatown. London,Zed Books. 3.Derek Cohen, Beneath the Underworld: Athol Fugards Tsotsi, World Literature Written in English, Vol. 23, No.2, (1984) 273-84. 4. Stephen Gray, The Coming into the print of Athol Fugards Tsotsi, Journal of Commonwealth Literature, Vol. XVI, No.1 (1981) pp 56-63. 5. Ibid.P.56 6. Athol Fugard, No-Good Friday, Dimetos and Two Early Plays, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977. All subsequent references are to this edition. 7. No Good Friday, p 144. 8. ibid, 146. 9. ibid, 152. 10. ibid, 152. 11. ibid, 154. 12. ibid, 155. 13.Modisane,Bloke.1996.Blame Me on History, Goodwood,Western Cape: A.D.Donker 14. ibid, 155. 15. ibid, 160. 16. Albert Wertheim 17. No Good Friday, p 155 18. Mattera,Don.1987:50 19. Edward Roux, Time longer than Rope, 2nd ed. (Madison: University of Winconsin Press, 1964) p. 320; Quoted by Mbulalo Vizikhungo Mzamane, Sharpeville and its Aftermath: The novels of Richard Rive, peter Abrahams, Alex La Guma and Lauretta Ngcobo, Ariel, Vol. 16, No. 2, April 1985, pp. 30-44. 20. Sheila Fugard, The Apprenticeship Years, Twentieth Century Literature, Ed. By Jack Barbera, Vol. 39, No.4, Win 1993, p. 408. 21. Mattera,Don 22. Albert Wertheim 23. Russell, Vandenbroucke, Truths the Hand can Touch, p. 24. Albert Wertheim, ************** b) NONGOGO (1959) Like No-Good Friday, Nongogo also, but in a different way exposes the travails of the black people in Sophiatown. It exposes the anguish of the women who ran shebeens for livelihood and who longed for decency, though impossible. If Willie of No-Good Friday gets ready to face death with existential courage, Queeny of Nongogo laughs in the face of indecency and shame after a stubborn struggle against them. Nongogo, like No Good Friday also deals with the external and internal aspects of the troubled individuals against the backdrop of troubled economic conditions and suppressive rule. The unique quality of Sophiatown was further enhanced by its shebeen culture. Although blacks were not allowed to drink in the 1950s, they were not stopped by the prohibition. The Sophiatown shebeens sold illegal booze, both store-bought European liquor as well as home brewed skokian. But the shebeens were not merely informal drinking clubs. They were homely places where everyone knew each other. As apartheid ceased to exist, intellectuals like Can Themba, Nat Nkasa and others used to spread circles of literature in these shebeens. As Anthony Samson recalls: The shebeens, however, were another story. Here was what Nat Nakasa called that noble institution, those hospitable homes. Here was a place outside of apartheid as the names reflected: Back Othe Moon, Cabin in the Sky, Little Heaven, The Sanctuary, Kind Lady.(Nicol: 1991:97) Modisane recalls how his mother, after the death of his father, was forced to become shebeen queen in order to keep body and soul together. Her customers, he remembers, drank for one reason only to get drunk, as for them, getting drunk was a purposeful destruction of the pain of their lies, a drowsing of themselves in this orgiastic expenditure. They were breaking out, escaping from themselves. (1986:39) The bad economic conditions forced the black women to take up beer-brewing and shebeens to support their families and to send their children to schools. Apart from the naturalistic portrayal, Fugards play focuses light on the hidden ugliness of evil economic backdrop. As observed by Gerald Weales (1978:) both plays deal with the enervating force of the black situation in South Africa, but they do not so directly as an agitprop would. As in the novels of Peter Abrahams we watch shebeens, drunkards, squalor, hunger, and prostitution- as results of oppression. Dennis Walder(1993:414) in The Genesis of the Township plays observes: The Sophiatown plays nevertheless reflected the aspirations, violence, and vitality of urban black people,offering a window into the world of the correspondent student, Shebeen Queen, Tsotsi (gangster) and rural migrant for predominantly white, liberal audiences.They may now also be seen to have helped to legitimate everyday urban black experience the experience of the majority of South Africans as a subject, for blacks as well as whites. Nongogo presents the conflict between hope and despair, the celebration of life in all its beauty and the devalued existence without virtues. As observed by Russell Vandenbroucke Nongogo is a play about the actuality of the past and forlorn hopes for the future (: 22). The conflict is the result of victimisation. The play has two acts-with the first act getting prepared for decency and respectability, the second act plays a dirge upon the death of these two qualities decency and respectability. The play as a whole exposes the guilt-racked victims of South Africa in both physical and psychological terms. Their physical destruction culminates in their psychological crisis, where their souls wail with the anguish for being the victims of the rough exterior of South African society. The play Nongogo exposes two individuals who experience such angst and a sense of guilt. Both of them are spoiled by social conditions of South Africa. Johnny is badly used by the masochistic, sex-starved mine workers and Queeny-is exploited by the carnal appetite of the South African masculinity, during her fight to eke out a living. Both of them dream for betterment -for a life of decency and respectability which remain to be dreams-the dreams of impossibility. Johnny and Queeny both stand as the physical images of destruction of the psychological self. Like La Gumas A Walk in the Night this play projects the brutalisation that has corroded the moral faculties of the poor.(1973:55) As Fugardxx himself observes, man is more concerned about hunger physically and mentally. Johnny and Queeny become the victims of the hunger of loins and of the poor conditions of the neglected lot. There are other characters like Sam, Blakie and Patrick, who make a parasitic living and work against decency; and who are also in a way, the helpless victims of the poor conditions which can not be bettered, and they in turn victimise their fellow beings-Johnny and Queeny and their dreams of better living for their selfish purposes. The process of victimisation here as in No Good Friday, is the result of both the internal and external aspects of South Africa. Queeny, a nongogo a woman for two and six- the proprietress of a shebeen gets enthused by the arrival and speech of an unexpected salesman Johnny at her door-step. His mode of address makes her feel that she should regain her lost sense of decency. His legitimate living makes her think of dispensing with her shebeen and make a cleaner life with a sense of decency and respectability which remain to be dreams- the dreams of impossibility. Her trust in Johnny encourages her to start a legitimate cloth-business. Her idea of legitimacy creates distaste in Sam, her business partner and her earlier pimp and Blackie, her attendant. With the help of Patrick, a way-ward drunkard, Sam and Blackie spoil the mind of Johnny by sowing the seeds of suspicion. Johnny and Queeny come face to face and compelled by Johnny, Queeny unwillingly digs into her past and in this process, hates Johnny for his inability to understand a womans heart. The play ends with Queeny re-opening the shebeen. Fugard has taken care in portraying the character of Queeny. Her desire for better life with a sense of decency and her despair for not finding it form the crux of the plot. If No-Good Friday presents the process of victimization on the physical plane, dealing with the death of Tobias and of Willie, Nongogo deals with the same process, on the mental plane, indicating the death of the self, when there is the sense of guilt and helpless acceptance of the past life of filth. The crisis of Johnny and Queeny, the victims of the South African society gets interiorized in Nongogo. As Robert M. Post observes, in other plays of Fugard too we find these victims(1985:3-16). Morris and Zachariah in The Blood Knot, Frieda and Errol in the Statements; John and Winston, the political brothers in The Island; Gumboot Dhalami in Tsotsi; Sizwe Bansi in Sizwe Bansi Is Dead; Boesman and Lena in Boesman and Lena; Piet in A Lesson from Aloes and the title character of Dimetos-all of them have been victims in various ways. Queenys curiosity in shaping her life as she had wanted gets shattered. She stands helplessly alone before her own life, a testament of time, as a victim of circumstances. Her disappointment as a living being against past, present and future life is made explicit through the use of two images indicating time the singing wall-clock and the wrist watch. Fugard very keenly exhibits the absurdity of human living against the unchanging nature of time in the South African context. Johnny and Queeny remain as the victims of their conscience. The two plays Nongogo and No-Good Friday exhibit the emotional involvement of Athol Fugard in the problems of the township. The pathetic predicament of man and woman in the South African townships comes alive on the stage. Fugard displays no political purpose in his portrayal of the characters in this play. His artistic involvement as a writer and his personal reaction as a liberal individual made him represent them in a realistic manner. As he observes No-Good Friday and Nongogo are inflated verse dramas by a liberally-informed white-but both the plays are in prose. (Quoted by Russell, Vandenbroucke, THCT, p.25) The gold mines stand as a contrasting back drop to represent the cruel exterior of South Africa. As in No-Good Friday, in this play too, we find the process of victimization. Johnny and Queeny stand as the victims of external conditions with a battered conscience and shattered inner self. Johnnys extreme craving for pure life makes him blind to his circumstances. He fails to treat Queeny as a human being like himself with a yearning for perfection and for a life of decency. Queeny dominates the whole scene with her knowledge of life and an awareness of the nature of men. Her shrewd thinking and her mature opinions about womanhood against the backdrop of her unfortunate murky past as a nongogo elevate her. She says: There is now. But there was a time I thought I had all I wanted when I got this. But when I had it that was the end. There has been times I never knew what day it was in hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and I never needed to know. Id wake up and think is it Monday or Tuesday, be Friday? It did not make any difference. Giving it a name did not make it any different from the rest. (p.91) She exhibits a dignity in the climactic scene when she is found re-opening the doors of her shebeen. Her poor conditions had made her a nongogo; her desire for betterment made her think of the life of decency and respectability and the presence of Johnny had made her once again the Queeny of shebeen. Her resurrection as the proprietress of shebeen makes her a tragic figure. She bursts out: What do you think Ive been doing for five years? It had ended Johnny, it was dead and buried when you walked in here. But you wont let it stay that way, will you? Youd be worse than Sam, who just sighs when he passes the grave. Youve dug it up. Youve performed a miracle, Johnny. The miracle of Jesus and Dead body youve brought it back to life. The warmth of your hate, the breath of your disgust had got it living again. Im not too old . . . not too fat . . . even you looked at me like you never looked at another woman. Gods put a lot of streets Ive not walked, lampposts Ive not stood under, faces Ive not smiled at. (p.11

Abortion Must be Illegal Essay -- Argumentative

Oliver Wendell Holmes was born on March 8, 1941 and died on March 6, 1935. He was a vigorous political figure during his life time. He served as associate justice in the US Supreme Court from 1905 to1982. He was a great political philosopher of his days and his ideas are still remembered. According to Holmes, â€Å"the nature of legal language can obscure and hide the social interests and social advantages to some that a law promotes.† Holmes view about legal language is that law promotes social goodness for people but the manner in which the language of law is interpreted can be a block to providing equal justice to all human beings. Holmes says the interpretation of law makes it hard for others to actually enjoy the benefits law provides to all mankind. Holmes classifies the interpretation of law into rhetorical theory. He emphasizes that a law which is constructed as a principle or in a statute form reduces the likelihood of change. Again he says the language of law when interpreted tends to define or apply to only specific behavior or situation at a specific time. Legal language is constructed in complex forms that make it difficult for people without the knowledge of the laws to interpret their meaning. In addition, the language of law always depends on fi xed interpretation. In actual sense, if a law is not interpreted and therefore is not in statutes or has not being generally considered as a law then, no one can be considered a criminal for that offense. Though in reality, that offense may be morally wrong but it is yet to be discovered and entered as a legal principle thus, representing the prediction of the future consequences. Holmes further says that the interpretation of the law in a universal notion as morally obligated... ..., Holmes says legal language should be based on amendment or changes to suit current situations and not be measured from old or fixed legal principles. Indeed, Holmes’ theory that â€Å"the nature of legal language can obscure the social interests and hide the social advantage to some that a law promotes† is a very important philosophical thought. The fact is that legal language denies some people the right to social advantage or equal justice. For this reason, we should look at laws as they ought to be based on current situations at hand. We should not be predominantly obligated to follow fixed statutes as if they are holy books that have been handed down to us from our predecessors and therefore, cannot be altered or amended. Legal language should be used to serve the interest of current social treads and we should not favor legal rhetoric and traditions over change.

Risk Management: New Challenges and Opportunities for Insurance Sectors

Risk management can be described as like the other management procedures of identification, assessment and prioritization of risk. Actually risk management is very much equal to walking on the rope. As defined in ISO 31000 the effect of uncertainty on objectives whether it positive or negative. Risks can come from uncertainty in financial markets, project failures, legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters as well as deliberate attacks from an adversary. Risk Analysis Risk analysis is the process of systematically identifying and assessing the potential threats and uncertainties that occur when trying to achieve a certain goal (such as completing a project), and then finding a reasonable strategy for most efficiently controlling these risks. Risk analysis also helps to define preventive measures to reduce the probability of these factors from occurring and identify countermeasures to successfully deal with these constraints when they develop to avert possible negative effects on the competitiveness. Insurance The most common tool used in risk management is insurance. Besides the standard health, life, and possibly disability insurance, we have to look at the types of liability and property insurance that may we need. Specialized insurance for particular risks in business can also be necessary. For instance, in an industry a chemical component is used in production process, they need special toxic risk insurance. A sense of security may be the next basic goal after food, clothing, and Shelter. An individual with economic security is fairly certain that he can satisfy his needs (food, shelter, medical care, and so on) in the present and in the future. Economic risk (which we will refer to simply as risk) is the possibility of losing economic security. Most economic risk derives from variation from the expected outcome Need for awareness on insurance products Life insurance and general insurance have more products to facilitate the customer needs. According to most of the surveys individual lack the awareness, literacy and skills to adequately assess their needs for financial and social protection and to choose appropriate insurance services. Raising awareness and educating on individuals are challenging priorities for research studies. Because of trends towards increased responsibility of the individuals for the management of risks and coverage, as well as consequences wrong or inappropriate decisions. The education process in the insurance sector involves different types of stake holders’ insurance authorities, insurance entities and intermediaries, other insurance providers, distributors, NGOs and customers themselves. Importance of insurance Importance of insurance is definitely increasing and expanding. Households should be encouraged and provided with the possibilities to enhance their awareness, responsibility to the coverage of their overall risk exposure as well as their understanding the knowledge of insurance products. Yet little research has been undertaken on this subject. With in a frame work of general financial education insurance subject is being handled. Better understanding of financial products can be given to potential consumers. Evaluation of risk in new areas of personnel insurance Increase in perceived and real risk. Emerging catastrophic bond markets shows the rise in risk levels. The range of conventional and new large scale risks seems to have expanded and their frequency has increased. They included risk related to industrial (Bhopal), natural (earthquakes, floods), terrorist attacks, new technologies risks (cyber crimes), Health risk against new diseases. Enhanced needs and demand for risk coverage: Broad increase in savings interest of population started investing in assets like houses, buying materials like gold, investment in financial markets have to be protected. The relative complicity and heterogeneity of insurance products develops confusion among the non expert consumers, as they need insurance. Existing products and new age products have to be updated to the present scenario. Responsibility of the insurance companies to get the feed back from the consumers. Know the difficulties in getting their service. Short term mindset of consumer does not encourage them to get long term coverage. Various studies will help the sectors to study the consumer’s knowledge about the insurance products. Tools like the number of complaints received from the customers, questionnaires to collect the position of the consumer can be used. Innovation of Insurance opportunities in capital markets The capital market risk usually defines the risk involved in the investments. The stark potential of experiencing losses following a fluctuation in security prices is the reason behind the capital market risk. During the global financial turmoil of 2007 and 2008, the stocks were worst affected, even well performing stocks are also beaten up. This is a characteristic feature of capital market. How ever in the time of market fluctuation and turbulence volatile seasons investors losing their hard earned money. Loss occurred to the investors makes the disbelief in capital market and views the market as a gambling spot. Resulting further investment in capital markets by them is stopped. Stock market has to search for another investor. The interest of protecting the investment of the investor is maintained by SEBI and Government of India through its policies, guidelines and certain regulations. Monitoring the markets fraudulent, watc hing the short selling, bulk Purchase, inside trading, etc†¦.and helps logically to protect the investors by legitimately. Apart from SEBI and government interest some professional system has to emerge for protecting investments. Many researches have to be done to provide an insurance system or scheme to capital market securities. Financial innovation has allowed many types of risk to become more tradable including like credit, interest rate, foreign- exchange risk and equity. Risk transfer and a new system for protecting investments of investors in capital market securities have to be analyzed. Emerging capital markets needs investments in a continuous mode. Then only corporate of India can adventure into expansions, mergers and acquisitions to proceed their plan for development. Recent turmoil experienced that no IPO issue got success and others likely to issue IPO is delayed. Financial risk transfer and transparency have been dominant themes since the World War II. Insurance risk comes in many varieties and also segmented into broad categories e.g. life, mortgages, car loan, assets against theft, fire, flood, earth quake, corps. Financial innovation has allowed many type of risk to become tradable including credit, interest rate, foreign exchange risk. The potential market is vast, with total premiums of all the world’s insurers equaling to US$ 4.1 trillion. Most insurance are asset based securities. Treating the investments of securities in capital market as a product and providing insurance as like other risk class is the idea behind the research. Increasing trend in insurance linked securities attracted the research concept. CAT bonds were issued against catastrophic risks such as windstorms, (hurricanes, typhoons) and earth quakes. These serve as collateralized protection for extreme event risk at a multi year fixed price. Industry loss warranties, CAT bonds, cat swaps are triggered by specific indexes. The purpose of the research is to extent insurance linked securities concept and providing an insurance coverage at a premium for expected loss. All progress is born of inquiry. Doubts is often better than overconfidence, for it leads to inquiry leads to invention†-Hudson maxim Any research on this topic will give a better beginning of new innovation to one of the financial market instrument of capital market. Financial institutions, government funds and large retail participants from house hold savings floods the funds to capital market. Further more the inventions to the betterment of the system will bring the trust in the mind of investor. The capital market provides both overnight and long term funds and uses financial instruments with long maturity periods. The following financial instruments are traded in this market are Foreign exchange instruments, Equity instruments, Insurance instruments, Credit market instruments, Derivative instruments. This research deals for the investments in equity stocks. Insurance and Reinsurance Insurance companies are in the business of assuming risks from individuals or companies. They manage those risks by diversifying over a large number of policies, Perils and geographic regions. A particularly difficult problem is the management of risk from high severity, low probability events (catastrophe risk, or â€Å"CAT† risk), such as that posed by major earthquakes or hurricanes. The risk from low severity, high probability events (for example, auto collision or medical insurance) can be diversified by writing a large number of similar policies. Suppose that the insurer charges a premium equal to the expected average annual loss and has a very large number of policies. By the law of large numbers, it can expect to pay out approximately this amount in claims in each year. Under the CAT bond scenario, investors purchase the bond and exchange a principal payment now for future coupon (interest) and principal payments. These payments are contingent on loss experience or the occurrence of a specified catastrophic event. If the bond is not triggered, the investor receives full coupon and principal payments over the life of the bond. If the bond is triggered, the investor may lose the right to future coupon payments, principal payments or both, depending on the type of bond Methodology 1. Formulating the research problem and extension of literature survey. Selecting the securities for investigation from NSE India from Nifty stocks in which investment is going to be insured. Collecting data for period ten years from web sites of NSE and several associated agencies for the frequency of peeks and deeps of price movements. Comparing the data with existing technical analysis theories for trigger price calculating. For the same period of time fundamental analysis has to be done for the same stock. Knowing stability and financial performance of the stock then correlating the both analysis and finding the stocks for making model. . 2. Development of working hypothesis& Building model. After extensive literature survey a model has to be build. Testing for hypotheses for the formula arrived. Development of working by hypotheses is to be state in clear terms. Working hypothesis is intensive assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. Conclusion The contribution that the research should make an exposure to the insurance companies to concentrate and find possibilities to take the investment made in capital market as product. By two ways this research will benefit the society one is protecting the investment of the investor by which building the trust and make the continuous investment in capital market through that the market may get regular in flow of funds. Another is new business emerged to the insurance companies. Reference http://finance.mapsofworld.com/primary-market/problems-indian.html

Summary Analysis of Canto I of Orlando Innamorato Essay Example

Summary Analysis of Canto I of Orlando Innamorato Essay Example Summary Analysis of Canto I of Orlando Innamorato Paper Summary Analysis of Canto I of Orlando Innamorato Paper Essay Topic: Metamorphoses Orlando The Romance Of Tristan Epic romance Orlando Innamorato was written by the Italian poet Matteo Maria Boiardo who plaited together characteristic features of Carolingian epic and Arthurian legend with the classical tradition of Virgil, Homer and Ovid.   He created a great and complex story praising love in a variety of its forms. Moreover, professor of Italian at Columbia University Jo Ann Cavallo claims that Boiardos Orlando Innamorato is not a simple ode to love; this amusing tale of damsels and knights in love and war comprised expressive moral lessons for the courteous society of Renaissance Italy. Romance Orlando Innamorato quickly became an extremely popular in that day Italy. The famous literati of the time and members of the court, among who was Isabella dEste, read it enthusiastically. Numerous writers tried to translate the romance into the new Tuscan standard language; others wrote continuations, while others simply imitated it. Ariosto was one of those continuators with his Orlando Furioso, one and, in fact, the greatest of six well known continuations of the poem. Nevertheless, Boiardo couldn’t even surmise that one day of the sixteenth century his poem would be â€Å"put aside in favour of Ariostos continuation† (Wilkins,1974). Canto I opens with the scene at the court of King Charlemagne: All of the paladins came to court to celebrate that holiday. From every region, every nation, numberless people entered Paris, and there were many Saracens, because court royal was proclaimed: anyone not an apostate or renegade was promised safety (Canto I, ottavo 9, lines 1 8). A great number of men, friends and enemies, from different countries gathered together and were having fun when absolutely unexpected meeting happened. The daughter of the king of Cathay Angelica appears at Charlemagne’s Pentecost tournament with her brother Argalia. The young lady is the most desirable treasure, she is the most beautiful woman have ever seen: She seemed to be the morning star, the lily and the garden rose. In short, to tell the truth of her, never was so much beauty seen (Canto I, ottavo 21, lines 5 8). There were lots of beautiful women among guests, but none of them could be comparable with the maiden beauty of Angelica: I say that each seemed beautiful before that flower reached the hall to take the beauty prize from all (Canto I, ottavo 22, lines 6 8). It’s naturally that everyone wants her.   To get the desired prise men have to pass an extremely difficult trial, they must overcome Argalia in a harsh combat so that to take Angelica as wife.   Orlando and Ranaldo are the two most touched by Angelica’s beauty: I cannot from my heart displace the sight of her- her sweet, bright face- because I think I’ll die without her; I think my soul will disappear. Now neither strength nor courage helps against the bridling force of Love. Knowing’s no help, nor men’s advice. I see what’s best. I pick what’s worst (Canto I, ottavo 31, lines 1 8). Orlando accepts Angelica’s challenge without moment’s hesitation; he and all the others at once fall in this marvellous young lady. They know nothing about her brother Argalia. Men do not consider the trial to be really hard one. Orlando can’t even suppose that Argalia’s spear is spell-bound. Argalia establishes rules of the trial knowing beforehand that this trial will be fraudulent. So, the tournament is appointed and the rules are established. Argalia let everybody know that they are to follow rules in order to take part in the combat with him, and everybody accepted that rules: â€Å"However, there is one condition; whoever wants to try must listen! Once beaten from his saddle, none may fight again for any reason. He must submit and go to prison. Yet one who can unhorse Uberto will win, as his reward, my person. My brother will recall his giants† (Canto I, ottavo 28, lines 1 8). However, at the very beginning of the trial many participants forgot about all the regulations and decided to play against them, regardless of the fact that they had given their words of honour. What incited them to do that? The answer is simple – burning, blind and all-absorbing passion. The author widely uses metaphors and personifications in his poem. Such poetic method provides readers with realistic image of the facts which were depicted by Boiardo. In addition to metaphors, colourful epithets are frequently used by author in the poem. Use of numerous epithets gives readers the impression that they see events and characters by Boiardo’s eyes. Matteo Maria Boiardo praises love which is the main theme of his poem. He shows us that the strong and frank feeling has an ability to work wonders. Nevertheless, the author lifts the veil from another side of the wonderful feeling. Canto I is some kind of an introduction to the poem â€Å"Orlando in love†, it is its beginning. Here the readers become acquainted with characters and the area where events take place; an entanglement of the plot occurs here. And this is where the author shows his readers a blind and unseasoned feeling. Here we can most probably see not a love yet, but ardent and burning passion instead. From the one hand it is wonderful; it inspires to do heroic deeds, arouses courage even in cowards; and from the other hand it makes people blind, makes them to forget about everything – about their dignity, principles, convictions, given words and vows. Such metamorphoses are well shown in Canto I. Bad influence of the passion can be seen at the episode wi th Malagise, who disclosed the intensions of Angelica’s father, King Galafrone. He decided to punish Angelica: †¦ Then Malagise said, â€Å"You rabble, I’ll capture you without a battle! Your clubs and chains will be no use, nor will your darts and twisted swords. I’ll punish you when you’re asleep. You will be killed like gelded sheep† (Canto I, ottavo 43, lines 7 8, ottavo 44, lines 1 4). As we can see, he wanted to kill the lady, but when Malagise stooped close to her and saw her beauty he changed his mind: †¦he neared the woman stealthily and drew forth his sword to slit her throat, but when he saw her close- so pretty!- he delayed. His spirit weltered back and forth. At last, he said, â€Å"Here’s what will happen: I’ll make her sleep by magic, then I’ll have her. I’ll indulge my passion† (Canto I, ottavo 45, lines 1 8). So, in that episode we can see the side of passion which cannot be called tender and loving on any account. The Carolingian epic was actually turned on its head by Boiardo who created his own updated version of the Orlando/ Roland story. Orlando Innamorato is some kind of an unauthorized biography which showes how the pure paladin had left Charlemagnes court to pursue a marvellous princess from Cathay across whole Eurasia. The author rewrote classical texts of, for instance, Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Homer’s Odyssey, and readers can find such rewrittings at the text. Boiardo’s Orlando Innamorato has preserveded its freshness and popularity for 500 years in popular culture of Italy. In Sicilys puppet theaters Italians and tourists travelling to that country today can up to now come across Rinaldo and Orlando fighting over the marvellous princess Angelica. The characters depicted by Boiardo and later developed in Orlando Furioso, Ariosto’s continuation, have reappeared in melodrama, opera, folk operas, and also in recitations by singers and story-tellers. The first full-length theatrical alteration of Orlando Innamorato has only recently been presented to a contemporary audience. Materials from the chivalrous tradition, expressing the Carolingian epic of Charlemagne and his knights, and the Arthurian romances of Lancelot, King Arthur and even Tristan were taken by Boiardo for writing his epic poem. The author also used incorporated stories and classical tradition from Homer. Most of Homer’s themes were taken by Boiardo from the Odyssey and Iliad, which wasn’t in such an extent romance-oriented as the first one. Some episodes were rewritten from the epic model excellence in the Italian Renaissance, Virgils Aeneid, and also from Ovid, as The Metamorphosis was a manual of mythological stories. The readers interpreted these stories allegorically. They are use by Matteo Maria Boiardo to create a play with firm allegorical tradition. The lyrics of Petrarch and the novella tradition of Boccaccio also were among sources from which Boiardo borrowed some elements for his poem. He practiced creative imitation and reworking of earlier texts in order to provide his own text with richer meaning. It’s rather interesting for modern reader to try to recognize the source and read both versions in comparison. Boiardo’s Orlando Innamorato brought certain ammount of novelty in epic romances. It frankly describes human’s intimate feelings such as the desire for revenge or glory, erotic desire, sympathy and ambition. The author makes subtle analisis of these feelings, he offers the readers to perceive this world without any borders. The poem is alive owing to the fact that Boiardo allows readers to make their conclusions and observations without obtruding his own ones.

Do you Think Putting Native Americans on Reservations was a essays

Do you Think Putting Native Americans on Reservations was a essays The Native Americans were the original inhabitants of the what we call today the United States. They were a people who possessed their own distinct culture who lived amongst each other in different tribes based upon their geographical location. They lived in harmony of the land utilizing all of its resources never wasting and always thankful of what the nature had to give them. The discovery of America was the beginning of the end of the Native Americans claim of these lands. With the landing of the first settlers the lands of the Native Americans began to become smaller and smaller. Their population began to diminish due to European diseases and war with the settlers of their lands. This was merely the beginning of the number of hardships that the Native Americans would have to face. As time passed the Native Americans lost more and more until the time came to where they were placed on reservations. Why were the Indians placed on reservations? Was it a good faith effort of the American government to give back to the original settlers of the United States for all that they had lost? Was it to establish some type of assistance in order to get the Native Americans on their feet and help them adapt to the American culture? The answer to all these questions is NO! The American Indians were placed on the reservations simply to get them out of the way of forward growth in the white Americans world. The reservations the Native Americans were placed on were of no value. They were in areas of no real economic growth. The American Indians were placed away and forgotten. Now this brings me to the question that has been asked. This to me is a very hard question to answer because two outlooks can be taken. The first opinion that can be brought forth is the fact that the reservations could have quite possibly saved the Native American culture. The Native American culture was diminishing. It was almost to the point ...

Workers compensation claim Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workers compensation claim - Assignment Example Employee can claim workers compensation benefits after being injured or when he or she develops a disease that is work related. Not all injuries are covered under Employee Compensation Law even after the injury â€Å"on the job. For it to be covered it must be accidental and arising in the course of carrying out work related duties. The law only protects workers. A genuine relationship between employer and employee must exist. Compensable injury claim must arise out of the employment (Jasper, 2008). Deriving support from Rensing v. Indiana State University (1993) and Coleman v. Western Michigan University (1983) cases it is clear that the student will not prevail in the case on the ground that workers compensation benefit is only available to employees. A student who is a football player who gets injured in the field cannot claim for workers compensation benefits because there is no working relationship between him and the university management. According to the employees, act the student does not meet the legal meaning of an employee. Workers Disability Compensation Act, which defines employees every person providing a service to another under contract of hire or apprenticeship, impress or implied, written or unwritten (Hotchkiss, 2003).The law is not limited to minors or aliens. The law also excludes volunteers. Student in this case is a volunteer since he is not paid any wages after playing football. The student is not regarded as an employee because he is not hired by the school to play football. For compensation to take place, the plaintiff must proof the following: that the company dictates or controls the actions of the employee, that there are rights to discipline or fire an employee. The plaintiff must also prove that payment of wages to cater for living expenses and whether task performed by proposed employee is an essential part of the employers business. The plaintiff cannot

Collapse paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collapse paper - Essay Example Economic history of the United States of America extends over a period of less than two and half centuries. Over the course of this period, the US economy had multiple series of progress and problems. The United States has grown from an alliance of thirteen British colonies with distinct economies and institutions to the unified state which nowadays accounts for more than fifth of the world economy ("Economic history of the US"). US economy today is based on three major elements. The first element is its natural resources. The continent of the United States has rich mineral resources and favorable terrain, as well as mild climate conditions. It also has broad access to the ocean and corresponding transportation routes, encompassing the coastlines of both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as that of the Gulf of Mexico. Additional shipping routes are ensured by a host of rivers crossing the country and the Great Lakes along the border with Canada. These extensive transportation channels endorsed the economic growth of the USA, especially at early stages, and played a significant role in uniting America's 50 individual states into a full-fledged economic unit ("Economy of the United States"). The second ingredient is its human resources. USA has the third largest population in the world, which was estimated to be ca 295 mil people in July 2005 (CIA). The labor force is one of the major factor of economic growth and therefore prosperity of the country. On the other hand, country's citizens are also its biggest asset. Their welfare should be one the top of government's priorities list. Good environmental conditions and balanced habitats are essential to the welfare and health of the people, which makes environmental regulation extremely significant. The third element is industrial production and investments. USA is a home to corporations, which are complex organization governed by extensive set of rules and owned by stockholders. Boosted by the advent of mass production corporations like General Electric have been crucial in shaping the country. Using stock exchanges and financial markets American investors and banks managed to substantially increase their capital investing and withdrawing funds from profitable corporations. In the current era of globalization US investors and corporations have even larger influence on the world than ever before. ("Economic history of the US") It is essential to know these because above described components are vital in making the economy of the United States prosper. Therefore, it is imperative that the US government initiate regulation in order to preserve these valuable resources. Some regulations and policies that control these resources, however, are at times being overlooked not only by private corporations but the US government itself. Some private corporations in the USA abuse the use of natural resources, which leads to the destruction of the environment and increase in pollution, both harmful to human beings. The government, on the other hand, sometimes disregards these issues and even makes some initiatives to accelerate the economy at the expense of environmental deterioration. One of the recurring problems faced by the US government is energy. The government has been constantly seeking for appropriate means to regulate the use of energy and find new energy sources. US government has been extensively seeking for such sources as oil, nuclear